Sand-Carrying Experiments with Supercritical CO2 in a Horizontal Annulus
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摘要:
为明确超临界CO2在水平段环空的携砂性能，分析关键施工参数对其携砂性能的影响，根据相似原理设计了超临界CO2水平环空携砂试验装置，试验研究了超临界CO2注入质量流量、砂比、出口压力和流体温度对砂粒在水平环空中运移的影响。试验结果表明：超临界CO2能够以悬浮输送的方式在水平环空内有效携砂，增大其质量流量，会增强环空内流体的紊流强度，进而提高悬浮携砂效果；在较高砂比下，水平环空底部更容易出现砂床，使过流面积减小，从而使砂粒运移速度增大；在相同注入条件下，环空内砂粒运移速度随出口压力升高而降低，但降低幅度逐渐减小；在合理温度范围内提高流体温度，有利于减少环空内砂粒的堆积。研究结果可为超临界CO2钻井和超临界CO2压裂优化设计关键施工参数提供参考。
Abstract:According to the similarity principle, a device for sand-carrying tests was developed to determine the sand-carrying performance of supercritical CO2 in the horizontal annulus and analyze the effects of key operating parameters on the sand-carrying performance. The device was employed to explore the influence of the injection mass flow, sand concentration, outlet pressure, and fluid temperature of supercritical CO2 on the sand migration in the horizontal annulus. The results showed that supercritical CO2 could effectively carry sand in the horizontal annulus by means of suspension transport, and the increase in its mass flow could enhance the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the annulus and improve the sand-carrying effect by suspension transport. In a high sand concentration, sand beds were likely to occur at the bottom of the annulus, which reduced the open area and raised the sand transport velocity. Under the same injection condition, the sand transport velocity in the annulus decreased with the increase of outlet pressure, but the amplitude of reduction is gradually lowering. In addition, a rise in fluid temperature was conducive to the accumulation reduction of sand in the annulus in an appropriate temperature range. The research results can provide a reference for optimizing the key construction parameter design in drilling and fracturing with supercritical CO2.
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Keywords:
- supercritical CO2 /
- horizontal annulus /
- sand-carrying /
- similarity principle /
- drilling /
- fracturing
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图 1 水平环空携砂模拟试验装置
Figure 1. Simulation device for sand-carrying tests in horizontal annulus
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图 2 超临界CO2质量流量对水平环空中砂粒运移速度的影响
Figure 2. Effect of supercritical CO2 mass flow on sand transport velocity in horizontal annulus
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图 3 水平环空中超临界CO2输送砂粒形态
Figure 3. Shape of sand transported by supercritical CO2 in horizontal annulus
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图 4 不同超临界CO2质量流量下水平环空中砂床的平衡高度
Figure 4. Equilibrium height of sand bed in horizontal annulus with different mass flow of supercritical CO2
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图 5 砂比对水平环空砂粒粒运移速度的影响
Figure 5. Effect of sand concentration on sand transport velocity in horizontal annulus
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图 6 不同砂比下水平环空砂床的平衡高度
Figure 6. Equilibrium height of sand bed in horizontal annulus at different sand concentrations
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图 7 出口压力对水平环空砂粒运移速度的影响
Figure 7. Effect of outlet pressure on sand transport velocity in horizontal annulus
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图 8 不同出口压力下水平环空砂床的平衡高度
Figure 8. Equilibrium height of sand bed in horizontal annulus under different outlet pressure
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图 9 流体温度对水平环空砂粒运移速度的影响
Figure 9. Effect of fluid temperature on sand transport velocity in horizontal annulus
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