Research and Field Tests of Coiled Tubing Fishing Technology for Sand-Buried Throttles
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摘要: 为了解决节流器砂埋后打捞失败导致的气井关停问题，在分析卡瓦式节流器结构原理的基础上，提出了气井节流器的砂埋判识方法，分析了节流器砂埋后的打捞复杂原因；结合常规钢丝打捞作业、连续油管磨铣打捞作业和起管柱作业的节流器处理措施，研究了连续油管冲砂打捞砂埋节流器的技术思路和作业流程，推荐了冲砂打捞工具串，并分析了对应连续油管及油管直径的理论最小冲砂排量。现场试验4口水平井，冲砂后均成功打捞出了砂埋ϕ88.9 mm油管节流器，成功率100%，平均总耗时小于1.5 d，取得了良好的试验效果。研究表明，连续油管冲砂打捞砂埋节流器技术的可靠性和成功率高，具有较好的现场推广应用价值。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of gas well shutdown caused by the failure of fishing sand-buried throttles, a sand-burial identification method for throttles in gas wells was proposed on the basis of the structural principle of slip-type throttles. Then the complicated reasons for fishing sand-buried throttles were analyzed. Combining the throttle treatments in conventional steel wire fishing and coiled tubing milling fishing as well as pulling tubing strings, the technical ideas and operational processes for coiled tubing sand washing and sand-buried throttle fishing were studied. After that, tool string for sand washing and fishing were recommended, and the theoretical minimum sand washing displacement corresponding to the coiled tubing and its diameter was analyzed. Field test of 4 horizontal wells showed that the sand-buried ϕ88.9 mm throttles were fished after sand washing, with a success rate of 100%, and an average total time of less than 1.5 days. The research results show that this technology for sand washing and fishing the sand-buried throttles is reliable, with a high success rate and a high popularization value in field applications.
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Keywords:
- gas well /
- throttle /
- sand burial /
- coiled tubing /
- fishing /
- sand washing
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图 1 卡瓦节流器结构
1.打捞头；2.节流机构；3.卡瓦机构；4.密封胶筒；5.防砂机构
Figure 1. Structure of a slip-type throttle
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图 4 打捞工具结构组成
1.接头；2.锁定螺钉；3.弹簧；4.外筒；5.剪钉；6.矩形弹簧；7.滑块；8.中心管；9.打捞爪
Figure 4. Structural composition of fishing tool
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图 5 最小排量与砂粒直径的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between minimum displacement and sand diameter
表 1 连续油管和钢丝的性能参数对比
Table 1 Comparison of performance parameters of coiled tubing and steel wire
打捞载体 直径/mm 上提力/kN 下压力/kN 除砂方式 震击 优势 推荐 连续油管 38.1 >100 000 >5 000 冲砂 是 可同时冲砂、震击、打捞 主要打捞方式 钢丝 3.0 <7 000 自重 捞砂 是 具有完善的打捞工具系列 辅助打捞方式 
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表 2 冲砂打捞技术参数
Table 2 Technical parameters of sand washing and fishing
井号 节流器规格/
mm铅印砂埋位置/
m打捞位置/
m油管内径/
mm连续油管直径/
mm泵压/
MPa排量/
(L·min–1)冲洗液 打捞结果 X-1 88.9 945.00 961.00 76.0 38.1 29.0～32.0 300～320 0.2%胍胶 钢丝打捞失败，连
续油管打捞成功X-2 88.9 1 627.00 1 627.70 76.0 38.1 21.0～31.2 200～300 清水 钢丝打捞成功 X-3 88.9 1 580.00 1 586.00 76.0 50.8 22.0～23.0 320～340 0.2%胍胶 连续油管打捞成功 X-4 88.9 1 574.00 1 585.80 76.0 50.8 25.0～27.0 350～380 清水 连续油管打捞成功
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