Development and Testing of a Portable Acoustic Logging System on Cuttings
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摘要: 为了在钻井过程中实时测量所钻地层的声波速度，在研究岩屑声波录井方法的基础上，研制了高精度的便携式岩屑声波录井系统。设计岩屑声波录井系统时，采用了具有脉冲发生器和示波器功能的一体化电路，并研制了能够快速读取、存储波形数据的软件示波器；采用了超声波透射法，通过超声波探头发射1 MHz频率的超声波，测量声波穿过岩屑样品的纵波速度和横波速度。对该系统进行了实验室比对和实钻井偶极子声波测井比对测试，结果表明，声波速度测量精度大于98.0%、岩屑声波和电缆声波数据一致性大于80.0%。利用该系统不仅可以随钻监测地层异常压力，还可以实时评价岩石的脆性、可压性、可钻性和井壁稳定性。Abstract: In order to measure the real-time acoustic velocity in the formation while drilling, a portable acoustic logging system on cuttings with high precision was developed based on the research of acoustic logging on cuttings. In the design of this logging system, integrated circuit of pulse generator and oscilloscope was adopted. In addition, software functioning as oscilloscope that could quickly read and store waveform data was studied for this system. By using the ultrasonic transmission method, an ultrasonic probe was used to emit ultrasonic waves with 1 MHz frequency to measure the P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity of the acoustic wave passing through cuttings samples. Results comparisons were conducted on both the laboratory test and the dipole acoustic logging in actual drilling. The results showed that the accuracy of acoustic velocity measurement was more than 98.0%, and the consistency of acoustic logging data of cuttings and wireline acoustic data was greater than 80.0%. This system could not only be used to monitor abnormal formation pressure while drilling, but also to evaluate rock brittleness, compressibility, drillability and wellbore stability in real time.
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Keywords:
- cuttings /
- acoustic logging system /
- ultrasonic wave /
- measurement circuit
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图 7 两种仪器测量的声波在铝块中的波形
Figure 7. Comparison of acoustic waveforms in aluminum block measured by two types of instruments
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图 8 岩屑声波测量值与测井值对比
Figure 8. Comparison between data from acoustic logging on cuttings and mud logging
表 1 数据协议格式
Table 1 Data protocol format
序号 命令头 操作代号 信息长度/byte 输入信息 说明 1 A1B2C3D4 0000000A 00000004 00000XXX 设置发射接收通道：0～9个通道 2 A1B2C3D4 0000000B 00000004 00000XXX 设置发射探头类型：0为单晶，1为双晶 3 A1B2C3D4 0000000C 00000004 00000XXX 发射电压：XXX伏特 4 A1B2C3D4 0000000D 00000004 00000XXX 发射脉宽：XXX ns 5 A1B2C3D4 0000000E 00000004 00000XXX 信号增益：XXX倍数 6 A1B2C3D4 0000000F 00000004 00000XXX 数据采集时长：XXX个10 ns 7 A1B2C3D4 0000000G 00000004 00000XXX 重复周期：XXX个10 μs 8 A1B2C3D4 0000000H 00000004 00000XXX 发射阻尼：0为50 Ω，1为200 Ω 9 A1B2C3D4 0000000I 00000004 00000XXX 接收阻尼：0为50 Ω，1为200 Ω 10 00000XXX 延迟时间：XXX个10 ns 
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表 2 软件采样频率
Table 2 Software sampling frequency
序号 预设波形采集时长/μs 波形数据数量 硬件采样频率/MHz 软件采样频率/MHz 实际波形采集时长/μs 备注 1 1 896 100 100.00 8.96 探头频率小于20 MHz 2 5 896 100 100.00 8.96 探头频率小于20 MHz 3 10 896 100 89.60 10.00 探头频率小于15 MHz 4 20 896 100 44.80 20.00 探头频率小于10 MHz 5 50 896 100 17.92 50.00 探头频率小于4 MHz 6 100 896 100 8.96 100.00 探头频率小于2 MHz 7 200 896 100 4.48 200.00 探头频率小于1 MHz
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