Logging Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Karst Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs in the Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 针对四川盆地茅口组碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强、储集空间类型多样、储层有效性评价困难等问题，进行了测井评价研究。通过分析该地区茅口组缝洞型储层岩石孔隙结构，基于三孔隙度模型，利用胶结指数与总孔隙度、连通缝洞孔隙度、孤立缝洞孔隙度的关系，进行了储层储集空间划分。在此基础上，结合岩心刻度测井，在微电阻率扫描成像测井信息中提取视孔隙度谱和视地层水电阻率谱的均值与方差，以及裂缝孔隙度等反应孔、洞、缝的敏感性参数，并结合试气资料，建立了储层有效性评价标准：孔隙性、孔洞型储层，电成像视孔隙度谱均值大于1.9、方差大于1.2的为Ⅰ类储层，均值大于1.7、方差大于0.9的为Ⅱ类储层；裂缝性储层，Ⅰ类储层裂缝孔隙度大于0.30，Ⅱ类储层裂缝孔隙度在0.05～0.30。裂缝的连通会明显改善储层的有效性，针对孔隙性–裂缝性、孔洞型–裂缝性储层，Ⅰ类储层视地层水电阻率谱均值大于700、方差大于300，Ⅱ类储层视地层水电阻率谱均值500～700，方差100～300。依据该评价标准，对该地区20口探井进行了二次解释，有效提高了缝洞型储层解释的符合率，取得了较好的应用效果。Abstract: Logging evaluation was carried out to solve the problems of high levels of heterogeneity, complexity with respect to typing reservoir spaces, and difficulty in evaluating the reservoir effectiveness in carbonate reservoirs in the Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin. By analyzing the pore structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs of the Maokou Formation in the working area, the reservoir space was classified based on the tri-porosity model and the relationship between bond index and total porosity, connected fracture-vug porosity and isolated fracture-vug porosity. The information was then combined with core calibration logging, the mean value and variance of apparent porosity spectrum and apparent formation water resistivity spectrum extracted from micro-resistivity scan imaging logging data, and fracture porosity and other sensitive parameters that reflect pores, vugs and fractures, as well as the data from well testing. Integrating above information, and evaluation standard for reservoir effectiveness was established as follows: For porous and vuggy reservoirs, the mean value of electric imaging apparent porosity spectrum of Class I reservoir is greater than 1.9 and the corresponding variance is greater than 1.2, and those of Class II reservoirs are greater than 1.7 and 0.9, respectively. For fractured reservoirs, the fracture porosity of Class I reservoir is greater than 0.30 while that of Class II reservoir is between 0.05 and 0.30. Enhancing the connectivity of fractures can obviously improve the effectiveness of the reservoir. For the porous-fracture and vuggy-fracture reservoirs, the mean value of apparent formation water resistivity spectrum of Class I reservoir is greater than 700, and the variance is greater than 300, and those of Class II reservoirs are 500–700 and 100–300, respectively. According to the evaluation standard, a secondary interpretation of 20 exploration wells in the working area was carried out, which effectively improved the interpretation coincidence rate of fractured-vuggy reservoirs, and resulted in achieving a good application effect.
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图 3 南X井5 045.00～5 065.00 m井段电成像解释综合成果
Figure 3. Comprehensive results of electric imaging interpretation of 5 045.00–5 065.00 m section in Well Nan X
表 1 四川盆地茅口组碳酸盐岩不同类型储层的测井响应特征
Table 1 Logging response characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs in the Maokou Formation，Sichuan Basin
储层类型 测井响应特征 胶结指数 举例 双侧向 声波 密度 补偿中子 电成像图像模式 孔隙性、孔洞型 箱状降低 中高 低 高 点−斑状 m>2.0 高X井茅三段 环X井茅三段 裂缝性
（水平缝及低角度缝）整体较高，局部
出现刺刀状降低高 不明显 不明显 线状 m<2.0 资X井茅三段
磨X井茅二段取决于裂缝开度 天X-x1井茅二段 裂缝性（高角度缝） 整体较低、低侵 高 不明显 不明显 线状 m>2.0 龙X井茅三段 大X井茅二段 取决于裂缝
开度及角度龙X井茅二段 孔洞型–裂缝性 降低、低侵 高 低 高 线斑状 1.6<m<2.0 立X井茅三段 资X井茅二段 孔隙性–裂缝性 降低、低侵 高 低 高 线点状 1.6<m<2.0 矿X井茅三段 
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表 2 部分探井裂缝发育分级量化结果
Table 2 Quantitative results of fracture development classification of some exploration wells
井号 岩性特征 裂缝发
育程度裂缝
孔隙度储层
分类双X 5 396.50～5 397.00 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密，裂缝不发育 不发育 0 Ⅲ 大X2 5 482.20～5 283.00 m井段，粉晶灰岩，发育不规则裂缝1条、溶洞1个 较发育 0.005 Ⅱ 双X 5 570.60～5 571.10 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密 不发育 0 Ⅲ 华X 4 632.20～4 632.80 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密；斜裂缝3条，被黄铁矿、泥质半充填 发育 0.030 Ⅰ 大X3 5 889.20～5 889.90 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密，微裂缝纵向极为发育 较发育 0.007 Ⅱ 潼X 4 321.00～4 321.50 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密，裂缝、微裂缝较发育，发育溶洞12个，发育半充填微细裂缝 发育 0.040 Ⅰ 潼X 4 355.50～4 356.10 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密，裂缝、微裂缝纵向极为发育，见溶洞5个 发育 0.070 Ⅰ 大X3 6 021.20～6 021.80 m井段，粉晶灰岩，致密，见网状裂缝 较发育 0.010 Ⅱ
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表 3 储层有效性评价标准
Table 3 Evaluation standard of reservoir effectiveness
储层
分类裂缝发育
程度储集空间
类型裂缝
孔隙度视地层水
电阻率谱均值视地层水
电阻率谱方差视孔隙度
谱均值视孔隙度
谱方差胶结指数 Ⅰ 裂缝发育 裂缝性、孔洞型−裂缝性 >0.3 >700 >300 >1.9 >1.2 2.0>m>1.6 Ⅱ 裂缝较发育 裂缝性、孔隙性−裂缝性 0～0.3 500～700 100～300 1.7～1.9 0.9～1.2 裂缝不发育 孔隙性−孔洞型、孔洞型 0 2.2>m>2.0 Ⅲ 致密层 孔隙性 0 <500 <200 <1.0 <0.8 m>2.2
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