Study of the Rheological Properties of High-Density Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Considering Wall Slip Effect
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摘要: 壁面滑移效应会严重影响高密度油基钻井液流变性测量的准确性，需要对其进行检测和校正。基于Tikhonov正则化方法，建立了高密度油基钻井液流变性测量过程中的壁面滑移效应校正方法；利用六速旋转黏度计，进行了考虑滑移效应的深层页岩气井现场高密度油基钻井液流变性测量试验，分析了高密度油基钻井液壁面滑移特性，优选流变模型并计算了流变参数。计算结果表明，与校正前的流变参数相比，滑移校正后的深层页岩气井现场高密度油基钻井液的动切力更小，而流性指数更大且接近于1.00，其真实流变性可用宾汉模型表达；壁面剪切应力大于临界剪切应力时，滑移速度随壁面剪切应力增大而呈指数增大。研究结果表明，测量高密度油基钻井液流变性时会产生滑移效应，滑移校正前后的流变模式与流变参数存在明显差异，因此应消除滑移效应的影响。Abstract: Wall slip effect seriously affects the accurate measurement of the rheological properties of high-density oil-based drilling fluids, and it needs careful detection and correction. A correction method for the wall slip effect during the measurement of the rheological properties of high-density oil-based drilling fluids was established based on the Tikhonov regularization method. Rheological property measurement experiments of high-density oil-based drilling fluids in deep shale gas wells considering wall slip effect were carried out using a six-speed rotational viscometer, and the wall slip characteristics of high-density oil-based drilling fluids were analyzed. The rheological model was optimized and the rheological parameters were calculated. The calculation results demonstrate that, when compared with the rheological parameters before correction, the dynamic shear force of high-density oil-based drilling fluids in deep shale gas wells is reduced after correction, while the liquidity index is increased to nearly 1.00. The results demonstrate the real rheological properties can be expressed by Bingham model. When the wall shear stress is higher than the critical shear stress, the slip velocity will increase exponentially with increasing wall shear stress.The results show that a slip effect exists during the measurement of the rheological properties of high-density oil-based drilling fluids. It demonstrates, too, that the rheological model and rheological parameters before and after slip correction are significantly different, and the influence of slip effect should be eliminated for accurate measurement.
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图 1 同轴圆筒旋转黏度计环隙结构及流场示意
Figure 1. The annular structure and flow field diagram for a coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer
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图 2 足-206井井浆样品流变性曲线
Figure 2. Rheological property curves of the drilling fluids from Well Zu-206
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图 3 泸-207井井浆样品流变性曲线
Figure 3. Rheological property curves of the drilling fluids from Well Lu-207
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图 4 宁227井井浆样品流变性曲线
Figure 4. Rheological property curves for the drilling fluids from Well Ning 227
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图 5 壁面滑移速度与剪切应力的变化关系
Figure 5. Relationship between wall slip velocity and shear stress
表 1 滑移校正前后高密度油基钻井液流变参数
Table 1 Rheological parameters of high-density oil-based drilling fluids before and after slip correction
钻井液来源 环空间隙1.17 mm 环空间隙2.17 mm 校正结果 τ0/Pa K /（Pa·sn） n R2 τ0/Pa K /（Pa·sn） n R2 τ0/Pa K /（Pa·sn） n R2 足-206井 5.970 0.283 9 0.89 0.995 85 3.740 0.311 1 0.92 0.998 76 2.720 0.233 6 1.00 0.999 99 泸-207井 6.120 0.577 4 0.78 0.993 54 6.248 0.375 1 0.89 0.993 32 2.980 0.293 2 1.00 0.999 96 宁227井 7.170 0.662 9 0.77 0.986 53 5.407 0.668 2 0.81 0.993 17 3.950 0.428 6 0.98 0.999 97 
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表 2 壁面滑移速度与剪切应力拟合结果
Table 2 Parameter fitting results of the wall slip velocity and shear stress correlation
钻井液来源 a b τwc /Pa R2 足-206井 0.002 94 0.94 18.97 0.953 76 泸-207井 0.002 46 1.09 24.98 0.996 81 宁227井 0.003 46 0.96 28.81 0.959 84
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