The Development of an Integrated Logging Instrument Platform while Drilling
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摘要:
为了满足多深度探测评价钻井液侵入和识别地层岩性的需要，开发了具有电阻率、伽马等多参数测量功能的随钻一体化测井仪平台。基于相移电阻率、衰减电阻率、总量伽马和成像伽马等测量方法，采用六发两收的八线圈系设计方案，挂接了伽马探管、加速度计和磁通门等传感器，同时采用了由发射电路、接收电路和控制电路组成的模块化电路设计方案，并定义了总线通讯协议，建立起了各功能模块之间的信息传递。开发了测井仪平台的固件程序，不仅能够测量相移电阻率和衰减电阻率数据，还能够测量伽马数据和地层方位信息；开发了平台测试软件，能够对仪器进行标定测试及下井前的启动设置，实现仪器控制指令的下发，测量数据的上传，并对电阻率、伽马、井斜角和工具面等数据进行监测和图形化处理。研制的随钻一体化测井仪平台可以为大斜度井和水平井钻井提供丰富的、高质量的测井数据，为地层评价提供所需要的数据，从而为非常规油气储层开发提供技术支持。
Abstract:The goals were to detect characteristics of of multi-depth formations and evaluate mud intrusion as well as identify the formation lithology. To that end, researchers developed an integrated logging instrument platform while drilling capable of multi-parameter measurement such as resistivity and Gamma. According to the measurement methods like phase shift resistivity, attenuation resistivity, total Gamma and imaging Gamma, an eight-coil design (six senders and two receivers) was adopted, and the sensors such as Gamma probes, accelerometers, and fluxgates were attached. Meanwhile, the modular circuit design scheme consisting of transmitting circuit, receiving circuit and control circuit was applied. Researchers then defined the bus communication protocol to establish the information transmission among various functional modules. The firmware program for the logging instrument platform has been developed, which can not only measures the phase shift resistivity and attenuation resistivity data, but also measure the Gamma data and formation azimuth information. The test software for the platform has been developed to calibrate the instrument and enable the startup setting prior to running in hole, realize the issuing of control commands and upload the measurement data, and monitor and graphically process data such as resistivity, Gamma, inclination angle, and tool face. This integrated logging instrument platform could provide abundant high-quality logging data for high-angle well and horizontal well drilling, and acquire necessary data for formation evaluation, so as to provide technical support and best practices for the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
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Keywords:
- logging while drilling /
- integration /
- firmware program /
- resistivity /
- gamma
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表 1 仪器和操作代号定义
Table 1 Definition of instrument and operation codes
序号 标号 分类 平台参数 代号 1 (A) 仪器和设备 随钻一体化测井仪 X1 2 (B) 中央控制电路板 X2 3 (C) 发射电路板 X3 4 (D) 接收电路板 X4 5 (E) 软件平台（PC机） X5 6 (F) MWD仪器 X6 7 ① 测量参数 电阻率 X7/X8 8 ② 伽马 X9/X10 9 ③ 加速度 X11/X12 10 ④ 磁通量 X13/X14 11 功能操作 RTC同步/更新 X15/X16 12 Flash数据下载/擦除 X17/X18 13 控制板版本号 X19 14 接收板版本号 X20 15 发射板版本号 X21 16 PC机确认信息 X22 
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表 2 发射板数据格式
Table 2 Data format of transmitting circuit
序号 命令头 操作 含义 1 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F2 S1 选择发射频率500 kHz，近距离上部线圈发射 2 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F2 S2 选择发射频率500 kHz，近距离下部线圈发射 3 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F2 S3 选择发射频率500 kHz，中距离上部线圈发射 4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F2 S4 选择发射频率500 kHz，中距离下部线圈发射 5 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F2 S5 选择发射频率500 kHz，远距离上部线圈发射 6 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F2 S6 选择发射频率500 kHz，远距离下部线圈发射 7 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F3 S1 选择发射频率2 MHz，近距离上部线圈发射 8 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F3 S2 选择发射频率2 MHz，近距离下部线圈发射 9 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F3 S3 选择发射频率2 MHz，中距离上部线圈发射 10 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F3 S4 选择发射频率2 MHz，中距离下部线圈发射 11 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F3 S5 选择发射频率2 MHz，远距离上部线圈发射 12 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 F3 S6 选择发射频率2 MHz，远距离下部线圈发射
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表 4 接收电阻率曲线类型
Table 4 The types of receiving resistivity curves
编号 接收数据类型 1 近距离500 kHz频率发射得到的电磁波幅度衰减 2 近距离2 MHz频率发射得到的电磁波幅度衰减 3 近距离500 kHz频率发射得到的电磁波相位差 4 近距离2 MHz频率发射得到的电磁波相位差 5 中距离500 kHz频率发射得到的电磁波幅度衰减 6 中距离2 MHz频率发射得到的电磁波幅度衰减 7 中距离500 kHz频率发射得到的电磁波相位差 8 中距离2 MHz频率发射得到的电磁波相位差 9 远距离500 kHz频率发射得到的电磁波幅度衰减 10 远距离2 MHz频率发射得到的电磁波幅度衰减 11 远距离500 kHz频率发射得到的电磁波相位差 12 远距离2 MHz频率发射得到的电磁波相位差
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表 3 索引值表
Table 3 Index value table
索引值 RGB R G B 0 250 255 179 1 250 254 176 2 250 253 173 … … 298 77 40 6 299 76 39 6 300 75 38 6
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