Abstract: Shape memory polymer is one of the most highly recognized new materials in the world.In recent years,the research and experimental application of such materials have been implemented in petroleum engineering.This paper explains the memory effect mechanism of such polymers and its advantages in petroleum engineering.It also analyzes its application in foreign petroleum engineering,and proposes potential applications in smart plugging drilling fluids,swellable cement,intelligent expandable proppant,re-fracturing diverting agents and sand control screens liner.In addition,it describes the related key technologies in petroleum engineering including physical mechanism of shape memory,specific structural design,evolution law and prediction of downhole mechanics,and parameters optimization of the shape memory polymer system.A study of the basic theories and technologies based on those key technologies mentioned above is recommended. Further,we are recommending incorporating such polymers into petroleum engineering applications as soon as possible through field tests to improve the benefits of oil and gas exploration and development and to reduce the cost of operations.