The Technology of Multi-Stage Acid Fracturing in Horizontal Well for Carbonate Reservoir by Temporary Plugging Ways in the Tahe Oilfield
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摘要: 针对塔河油田裸眼水平井“封隔器+滑套”分段酸压费用高、作业周期长、分段工艺复杂、分段工具可靠性低、工具留井后处理难度大等问题，通过“纤维+颗粒”复合暂堵代替“封隔器+滑套”分段，完成单段酸压后注入“纤维+颗粒”复合段塞，在裂缝端口架桥形成具有一定封堵强度的暂堵层，迫使裂缝从下一段起裂，实现无工具分段酸压。通过室内试验优选出耐温120℃的暂堵纤维，120℃下其在清水及盐酸中2 h的溶解率小于40%，可保证持续暂堵效果，最终溶解率100%，不伤害储层；优化了纤维和颗粒的尺寸及质量分数，质量分数为1.0%～2.0%、长度为6～8 mm的纤维+质量分数为0.5%、直径为1.0 mm的颗粒其暂堵压力大于9 MPa。该技术在塔河油田应用8井次，施工暂堵压力6.6～9.0 MPa，单井改造后产能大幅度提高，施工费用降低，累计增油5.6×104 t。研究结果表明，水平井暂堵分段酸压技术无需分段工具，解决了塔河油田碳酸盐岩水平井酸压工具下入和后期处理困难等问题。Abstract: During the course of multi-stage acid fracturing in open hole of horizontal wells in the Tahe Oilfield, "packer+slide sleeve" methods are featured with high operation costs, long working cycle, complicated stage fracturing, low reliability of relevant tools, difficult to handle the tools left in the hole etc. To eliminate these problems, "fiber+particles" composite temporary plugging operations have be used to replace the conventional "packer+slide sleeve" techniques. Upon completion of acid fracturing in a single interval, "fiber+particles" can be injected to generate barriers at opening of fracture, the crack initiation will be in the next section, hereby the sectional fracturing can be performed without staged tools. Through laboratory tests, the temporary plugging fibers with temperature resistance up to 120℃ have been deployed, its dissolution rate is below 40% in fresh water and hydrochloride acid under temperature of 120℃ for two hours, which keeps satisfactory temporary plugging effect and has ultimate dissolution rate of 100%, no damage to reservoir formations. Mass fractions of fibers and particle size were optimized, i.e. fiber length of 6-8 mm with mass fraction of 1.0%-2.0%, particle size of 1.0 mm with mass fraction of 0.5%, temporary plugging pressures 9 MPa. The techniques have been applied for 8 times in the Tahe Oilfield, with initial plugging pressures of 6.6-9.0 MPa, the single well production capacity has been raised significantly, and operation cost lowered, cumulative increase of oil 5.6×104 t. Research results showed that temporary plugging and staged acid fracturing for horizontal wells did not require the staged tools, so it can eliminate the problem of running and pulling relevant tools that ever used in conventional operation in horizontal wells of carbonate formations in the Tahe Oilfield.
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