A New Method of Detecting while Drilling Resistivity Anisotropy with Azimuthal Electromagnetic Wave Tools
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摘要: 随着随钻方位电磁波仪器在大斜度井和水平井中的广泛应用,电阻率各向异性已成为影响地质导向和地层评价准确性的主要因素之一。以Baker Hughes公司的APR仪器为例,根据随钻方位电磁波仪器多分量的特点,采用数值模拟方法分析电阻率各向异性对仪器各分量信号响应的影响,利用对称发射补偿测量来增强或消除各向异性的影响,并采用正反演方法确定地层电阻率各向异性。模拟结果表明:磁场信号轴向分量与电阻率各向异性在相对井斜角0°~90°内呈单调递增关系;磁场信号横向分量与电阻率各向异性呈抛物线规律,在相对井斜角为0°和90°时影响为零;随钻方位电磁波电阻率仪器不同分量进行组合可以确定地层电阻率的各向异性。对方位电磁波响应曲线数据进行三参数反演得到地层水平电阻率、垂直电阻率以及相对井斜角,利用反演后的测量资料可以提高地层评价和地质导向的准确性。Abstract: With the extensive application while drilling of azimuthal electromagnetic wave tools in highly deviated wells or horizontal wells, resistivity anisotropy is currently one of the main factors influencing geosteering and formation evaluation accuracy. Different signals may interface from the azimuthal electromagnetic wave tools. The study used numerical simulation on Baker Hughes’s APR tool to determine the effect of resistivity anisotropy on the response of each component signal. In the simulation, the effect of anisotropy was enhanced or removed by using the symmetrically transmitted compensation measurement. The anisotropy of formation resistivity was calculated from forward and inversion. It showed in the simulation that when relative deviation angle was in the range of 0°-90°, axial component of magnetic field signals increased monotonically with resistivity anisotropy and both followed the parabolic law. When the relative deviation angle was 0° or 90°, the effect would diminish. The anisotropy of formation resistivity could be confirmed effectively by the combination of different signal components of electromagnetic resistivity tools while drilling. Horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity and relative deviation angle might be obtained from three-parameter inversion on azimuthal electromagnetic wave response data. Formation evaluation and geosteering may be more accurate when based on the inverted measurement data.
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