Optimization and Field Application of Hydraulic Fracturing Techniques in Deep Shale Reservoirs
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摘要: 深层页岩埋藏深、岩性差异大、地应力高,压裂改造时存在施工压力高、裂缝导流能力低、改造体积偏小、压后初产效果差等问题。在分析深层页岩地质特征参数和综合评价可压性的基础上,分析了体积改造面临的技术难点并提出了技术对策,形成了基于气藏数值模拟、诱导应力计算和压裂模拟相结合的深层页岩压裂优化设计方法,并从压裂效果最优角度分析计算了压裂段/簇参数、射孔参数、施工参数。结合丁页2HF井大规模压裂现场试验,探讨了深层页岩压裂工艺实施与控制方法,分析了现场压裂施工压力响应特征,对前置液用量、胶液造缝时机和起步砂比等进行逐段优化与参数精细调整控制,形成了"预处理酸+中黏胶液+滑溜水+低黏胶液+中黏胶液"的组合压裂工艺模式,提高了深层页岩压裂的有效性。丁页2HF井完成12段压裂,压后初期产气量达10.5×104 m3/d,为深层页岩气储层压裂改造提供了技术借鉴。Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing of deep shale reveals that high injection pressure, low fracture conductivity, limited stimulated reservoir volume, and unsatisfactory primary production are mainly due to deep burial, variable lithology and high in-situ stresses. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of geological characteristics and fracturing potential of deep shale reservoirs, technical difficulties in volumetric stimulation were discussed and relevant countermeasures were proposed. Then, a fracturing optimization method for deep shales was proposed, and it combined a numerical simulation of the gas reservoir, a calculation of induced stress and fracturing simulation. Fracturing segment/cluster, perforation and stimulation treatment parameters were analyzed. Taking Well Dingye 2HF as an example, the implementation and control of deep shale fracturing techniques were discussed, and the responses of stimulation pressure in field application were identified. Through stage-by-stage optimization and fine adjustment of parameters in aspects of pad volume, fracture initiation by gel, and initial sand and fluid ratio. Finally, a composite fracturing treatment procedure was formed, i.e. pre acid+moderate viscosity gel+slick water+low viscosity gel+moderate viscosity gel. The fracturing of deep shales has been improved successfully through the application of the proposed procedure. In field application of Well Dingye 2HF, 12 stages of fracturing stimulation were completed with initial gas production of 10.5×104 m3/d after the treatment. This procedure will provide technical reference for hydraulic fracturing in similar deep shale gas reservoirs in the future.
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Keywords:
- deep shale /
- hydraulic fracturing /
- stimulated reservoir volume /
- field testing /
- Well Dingye 2HF
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