PDC钻头防泥包性能数值模拟研究
Numerical Simulation Study on the Anti-Balling Performance of PDC Drill Bits
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摘要: 为量化研究水力因素对PDC钻头防泥包性能的影响规律,针对现场常用PDC钻头建立了三维流域模型,将岩屑视为从井底面射入流场的球状颗粒,基于CFD离散相模型(DPM)对固相颗粒运动进行追踪,将钻头体DPM边界条件设置为"trap(捕获)",用岩屑颗粒捕获率作为泥包概率的评价参数。数值模拟发现,岩屑颗粒在井底流场中的输运是沿程存在碰撞与反弹的不规则三维运动;当岩屑颗粒粒径小于1.0 mm时,其捕获率随粒径增大而减小;当岩屑颗粒粒径大于1.0 mm时,其捕获率随粒径增大而增大;喷嘴尺寸从8.0 mm增大至16.0 mm,岩屑颗粒捕获率逐渐增大;与五喷嘴相比,七喷嘴的岩屑颗粒捕获率更小;相对于不等径喷嘴组合,等径喷嘴组合方式情况下的岩屑颗粒捕获率更小。研究结果表明,岩屑颗粒捕获率随喷嘴尺寸增大呈线性增大,随喷嘴数量增大呈线性减小,随刀翼宽度增大呈线性增大,随刀翼高度增大呈线性减小。基于DPM的钻头井底流场数值模拟为PDC钻头防泥包性能研究提供了新的思路,可以为钻头防泥包设计提供理论指导。Abstract: In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of hydraulic factors on the anti-balling performance of PDC drill bits, a three-dimensional fluid volume model was established on commonly used PDC drill bits. In the model, cuttings are simulated as spherical particles that are injected into the flow field from the bottom hole. The CFD-based discrete particle modeling(DPM) is used to track the cuttings by setting the DPM boundary conditions of the drill bit body at "trap"and taking particle trapping ratio (Ra) as the evaluation parameter of balling probability.Based on numerical simulation, cutting particles movement in downhole flow field is in three-dimensional irregularform along with collision and rebound. When the particle size is less than 1.0 mm, Ra will decrease with the increase of particle sizes while it will increase with the increase of particle sizes when particle size is larger than 1.0 mm,Ra increases gradually when nozzle size increases from 8.0 mm to 16.0 mm. Compared with five-nozzle drill bit,seven-nozzle drill bit is lower in Ra, and the equal-size nozzle assembly is lower in Ra compared with non-equal-size nozzle assembly.In conclusion, raincreases linearly with the increase of nozzle size and blade width, but decreases linearly with the increase of nozzlesand blade height. The DPM based numerical simulation of the bottom hole flow field provides not only a new way for in vestigating PDC drill bit anti-balling performance, but also providing the oretical guidance for bit anti-balling design.