Abstract: Hot dry rock (HDR) is the most valuable geothermal resource with the highest potential for development. HDR resources are very rich in China, and its high-efficient development would be a strategic significance in domestic adjustment of energy structure and energy security. Through the introduction of distribution, current development and utilization as well as progress in engineering technologies for HDR resources, the paper pointed out the key research direction in basic science, drilling and completion techniques, large-scale fracturing techniques, thermal energy extraction etc. for developing HDF resources. In view of the problems that related to penetration of hard formations, stability of surrounding rocks, network fracturing, and heat exchange for HDR development, more researches should be conducted by providing sample projects to form a technical independently system of HDR resource development, so as to speed up the development and utilization of HDR geothermal resources efficiently, optimize energy structure, minimize atmosphere pollution, improve living standards of the people, and keep a scientific and coordinated development in economy, society, and ecology and environment in China.