Numerical Study on the Dynamic Characteristics and Ultrasonic Enhancement of Cavitation Bubbles under Self-Excited Oscillating Jet
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摘要:
为了解亥姆霍兹喷嘴腔内空化泡动力学特征及超声波作用下空化泡的响应演化规律，以空化动力学为基础，建立了自激振荡喷嘴腔内空化气泡动态变化的计算模型，研究了亥姆霍兹喷嘴腔长和腔径对腔内空化强度的影响及附加声场情况下空化泡的动态变化规律。研究结果表明：自激振荡射流喷嘴的腔长和腔径均会影响腔室内空化强度，腔长和腔径增大有利于提高空化强度；声–流耦合场中的空化泡膨胀收缩相比单一流场更剧烈；超声波的频率和幅值对于空化强度的影响较大，存在最佳的超声波频率，使腔内空化强度达到最大，超声频率过高会导致声波膨胀时间缩短，空化核的增长时间也会随之缩短；声场幅值与空化强度正相关。研究结果有助于提升自激振荡空化射流技术及超声增强脉冲射流技术的现场应用效果。
Abstract:In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of cavitation bubbles in a Helmholtz nozzle cavity and the evolution of cavitation bubble responses under the influence of ultrasonic waves, a mathematical model describing the dynamic variation of cavitation bubbles in a self-excited oscillating nozzle cavity was developed based on cavitation dynamics. In addition, the effects of Helmholtz nozzle cavity length and diameter on cavitation intensity and the dynamic behavior of cavitation bubbles when subjected to an additional acoustic field were studied. The results showed that both the cavity length and cavity diameter of the self-oscillating jet nozzle affected the cavitation intensity in the cavity. The increase in the cavity length and cavity diameter contributed to improving cavitation intensity. The expansion and contraction of cavitation bubbles in the acoustic–fluid coupling field were more severe than those in a single flow field. The frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic waves also had a great influence on cavitation intensity, with an optimal ultrasonic wave frequency identified for maximizing cavitation intensity in the cavity. In addition, excessively high ultrasound frequencies resulted in shorter acoustic wave expansion time and a shorter growth time of the cavitation nucleus. There was a positive association between cavitation intensity and acoustic field amplitude. These research findings are valuable for enhancing the practical application of self-excited oscillating cavitation jet technology and ultrasonic-enhanced pulse jet technology.
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图 4 不同谐振腔直径、长度条件下空化泡的动态变化
Figure 4. Dynamic variation of cavitation bubbles with different cavity diameters and cavity lengths
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图 5 不同频率声场作用下不同腔长喷嘴内空化泡的动态变化规律
Figure 5. Dynamic variation law of cavitation bubbles in nozzles with different cavity lengths under action of different frequency acoustic fields
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图 6 不同幅值超声波作用下喷嘴内空化泡的动态变化规律（Dc=10.5 mm, Lc=3.0 mm）
Figure 6. Dynamic variation law of cavitation bubbles in a nozzle under the influence of ultrasonic waves of different amplitudes (Dc=10.5 mm, Lc=3.0 mm)
表 1 亥姆霍兹喷嘴尺寸
Table 1 Dimensions of Helmholtz nozzles
d1/mm d2/mm β/（°） Lc/mm Dc/mm 1.2 1.3 120 3.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 10.5 11.0 1.2 1.3 120 2.0 10.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 
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