Wellbore Trajectory Control Technologies for Ultra-Deep and High-Temperature Horizontal Wells in the Shunbei Oil & Gas Field
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摘要:
顺北油气田储层埋藏深、井底温度和压力高，导致MWD仪器故障率高，超深高温水平井下部高温井段有时无MWD仪器可用，井眼轨迹控制难度较大。为了降低该油气田超深高温水平井轨迹控制难度并提高钻井效率，对水平井井眼轨道设计与井眼轨迹控制进行一体化规划，将顺北油气田超深高温水平井井眼轨道设计成造斜率“前高后低”的多圆弧轨道，优化钻具组合和钻进参数；对于下部无MWD仪器可用的高温井段，采用单弯单稳定器螺杆钻具组合进行复合钻进，以控制井眼轨迹。研究和应用结果表明，采用单弯单稳定器螺杆钻具组合进行复合钻进，根据复合钻进井斜角变化率预测结果优化钻具组合和钻进参数，可以解决顺北油气田超深高温水平井下部高温井段无法应用MWD控制井眼轨迹的问题，降低井眼轨迹控制难度，提高钻井效率。
Abstract:The failure rate of Measure While Drilling (MWD) instruments is high in the Shunbei Oil&Gas Field due to deep buried reservoir and high bottom-hole temperature and pressure. The MWD instruments are often not available in high temperature section of horizontal wells and the wellbore trajectory is difficult to control. In order to reduce the difficulty of wellbore trajectory control and improve the drilling efficiency of ultra-deep and high-temperature horizontal wells in the Shunbei Oil&Gas Field, this study integrated wellbore trajectory design and control technology. The wellbore trajectory was designed as multiple circular arcs with higher build-up rates in upper section and lower build-up rates in lower section to optimize the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and drilling parameters. A Positive Displacement Motor (PDM) with single bend and stabilizer was applied for compound drilling and controlling the wellbore trajectory when no MWD instrument was available in the lower high-temperature section. The research and field applications demonstrated that adopting the above compound drilling and optimizing BHA and drilling parameters according to the predicted well inclination variation rates, the inability to apply MWD for wellbore trajectory control can be solved. And in this way, the difficulties in wellbore trajectory control was lowered, and the drilling efficiency is highly improved.
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图 2 螺杆弯角对井斜角变化率的影响
Figure 2. The effect of PDM bent angle on well inclination variation rates
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图 3 螺杆稳定器直径对井斜角变化率的影响
Figure 3. The effect of PDM stabilizer diameter on well inclination variation rates
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图 4 钻压对井斜角变化率的影响
Figure 4. The effect of weight on bit (WOB) on well inclination variation rates
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图 5 复合钻进效果分析
Figure 5. Well inclination variation rates of compound drilling at different depths
表 1 SHB16X井侧钻井眼轨道设计结果
Table 1 Well SHB16X sidetrack wellbore trajectory design
井深/m 垂深/m 井斜角/（°） 方位角/（°） 闭合距/m 井眼曲率/（（°）·（30m）−1） 靶点 6 375.00 6 343.97 32.71 323.1 103.63 0 6 393.13 6 359.40 31.00 340.0 112.75 15.00 6 433.61 6 390.89 47.00 0.13 133.95 15.00 6 979.79 6 612.07 84.31 0.13 600.46 2.05 7 009.42 6 615.00 84.31 0.13 629.68 0 A 7 111.10 6 625.07 84.31 0.13 730.12 0 B 
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表 2 SHB16X井侧钻8趟钻钻进情况
Table 2 Summary of 8 runs of sidetracking in Well SHB16X
趟次 井段/m 钻压/kN 井斜角变化 井眼曲率/（（°）·（30m）−1） 机械钻速/（m·h−1） 起钻原因 1 6 374~6 423 30 32.65°↗47.52° 20.00 1.33 定向结束，起钻更换稳斜钻具 2 6 423~6 462 30 47.52°↗52.87° 4.12 4.08 MWD仪器无信号 6 462~6 484 20 52.87°↗55.17° 3.14 3.62 3 6 484~6 515 30 55.17°↗55.88° 0.69 3.29 MWD仪器无信号 6 515~6 544 50 55.88°↗56.42° 0.56 5.27 6 544~6 583 60 56.42°↗59.05° 2.02 5.02 6 583~6 650 50 59.05°↗60.66° 0.72 4.69 4 6 650~6 654 50 2.82 MWD仪器无信号 5 6 654~6 695 50 5.52 MWD仪器无信号 6 6 695~6 795 50～60 61.55°↗63.16° 0.48 4.49 多点测斜仪测量 7 6 795~6 895 40～50 63.16°↗70.55° 2.22 2.52 多点测斜仪测量 8 6 895~7 060 40～0 70.55°↗81.50° 1.99 2.19 钻遇硅质地层，多点测斜仪测量后起钻 注：第1趟钻钻具组合为ϕ149.2 mm混合钻头+ϕ120.7 mm弯螺杆（弯角2°、ϕ143.0 mm稳定器）+ϕ120.7 mm无磁钻铤+MWD；第2趟钻钻具组合为ϕ149.2 mm PDC钻头+ϕ120.7 mm弯螺杆（弯角1.25°、ϕ146.0 mm稳定器）+ϕ120.7 mm短钻铤+单流阀+ϕ145.0 mm稳定器+ϕ120.7 mm无磁钻铤+MWD；第3—5趟钻钻具组合为ϕ149.2 mm PDC钻头+ϕ120.7 mm弯螺杆（弯角1.25°、ϕ143.0 mm稳定器）+单流阀+ϕ145.0 mm稳定器+ϕ120.7 mm无磁钻铤+MWD；第6趟钻钻具组合为ϕ149.2 mm PDC钻头+ϕ120.7 mm弯螺杆（弯角1.5°）+单流阀+ϕ120.7 mm无磁钻铤+MWD；第7趟钻钻具组合为ϕ149.2 mm PDC钻头+ϕ120.7 mm弯螺杆（弯角1.25°、ϕ145.0 mm直条稳定器）+单流阀+ϕ120.7 mm无磁钻铤；第8趟钻钻具组合为ϕ149.2 mm PDC钻头+ϕ120.7 mm弯螺杆（弯角1.5°、ϕ145.0 mm直条稳定器）+单流阀+ϕ120.7 mm无磁钻铤。
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