Research on a Polygonal Quartz Sand Flushing Fluid for Cementing Oil and Gas Wells and Its Field Application
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摘要:
在油气井固井过程中，常规冲洗液存在难以有效清洗井壁上滤饼的问题，尤其是油基钻井液会在井壁形成含油滤饼、在套管壁会附着油膜，严重影响了固井质量。为此，基于加强冲洗液物理冲刷作用的理念，优选了具有尖锐棱角、形状不规则的多棱石英砂颗粒及悬浮剂，配制了多棱石英砂冲洗液。室内试验发现，该冲洗液具有稳定性好，与水泥浆、钻井液相容性好的特点，且冲洗效率比常规冲洗液高10～30百分点。多棱石英砂冲洗液在胜利油田4口井进行了成功应用，固井质量均有明显的提高。研究应用结果表明，多棱石英砂冲洗液能够有效清除井壁滤饼、油膜及岩屑，改善固井二界面胶结环境，从而提高固井质量，满足大型压裂对水泥环胶结质量的要求。
Abstract:Conventional flushing fluid cannot effectively remove the filter cake from the well walls during oil and gas wells cementing, especially oil-bearing filter cakes formed by oil-base drilling fluid on the well walls and the oil film attached to the casing walls, both of which seriously affect cementing quality. Therefore, it was hypothesized that polygonal quartz sand particles with sharp corners and irregular shapes mixed into an ideal suspending agent would strengthen the physical scouring capabilities of flushing fluid. With that in mind, a polygonal quartz sand flushing fluid was prepared. The laboratory test revealed that the prepared flushing fluid was highly stable and compatible with the cement slurry and drilling fluid, and the flushing efficiency was higher than that of conventional flushing fluid by 10 to 30 percentage points. After the successful laboratory results, the prepared flushing fluid was successfully applied in four wells in Shengli Oilfield, and the cementing quality was significantly improved. The research and application indicated that the prepared flushing fluid could effectively remove the filter cake, oil film, and cuttings on the well walls and improve the cementing environment of the cement-formation interface. In this way, the cementing quality was enhanced to meet the requirements of large-scale fracturing for the cementing quality of cement sheaths.
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表 1 4种常用悬浮剂的悬浮能力测试结果
Table 1 Test results of suspension capacity of four common suspending agents
悬浮剂 悬浮剂加量，% 冲洗液密度/(kg·L−1) 试验现象 上部 下部 上下差 SYXF-1 0.5 1.14 1.44 0.30 上下明显分层 1.0 1.17 1.41 0.24 上下明显分层 2.0 1.21 1.35 0.14 上下明显分层 KCM004 0.3 1.21 1.36 0.15 上下明显分层 0.4 1.22 1.27 0.05 上下基本均匀 0.5 1.23 1.23 0 上下均匀 1.0 1.23 1.23 0 上下均匀 KCM006 0.4 1.20 1.26 0.06 上下基本均匀 0.5 1.21 1.25 0.04 上下基本均匀 0.6 浆体呈胶冻状 SYJ-1 0.9 1.02 石英砂基本全沉底 2.0 1.02 石英砂基本全沉底 3.0 1.03 石英砂基本全沉底 注：多棱石英砂质量分数为44%，冲洗液理论密度为1.23 kg/L。 
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表 2 不同配方多棱石英砂冲洗液的基本性能
Table 2 Basic performance of polygonal quartz sand flushing fluid with different formulas
配方 密度/（kg·L−1） 上下密度差/（kg·L−1） 漏斗黏度/s 1 1.11 0.01 43 2 1.21 0.01 44 3 1.31 0 60 4 1.42 0 68 5 1.52 0 130 注：配方1为0.4%悬浮剂KCM004+16.8%多棱石英砂+水；配方2为0.4%悬浮剂KCM004+36.6%多棱石英砂+水；配方3为0.6%悬浮剂KCM004+59.4%多棱石英砂+水；配方4为0.6%悬浮剂KCM004+86.2%多棱石英砂+水；配方5为0.6%悬浮剂KCM004+117.6%多棱石英砂+水。
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表 3 4口井现场应用钻井液的基本性能
Table 3 Basic on-site application performance of drilling fluid system in four wells
序号 井号 钻井液 密度/
（kg·L−1）API滤失量/mL 塑性黏度/
(mPa·s)动切力/Pa 钻井液1 X50-xj1井 水基无固相 1.23 52 16 6.0 钻井液2 Cl20-x33井 水基聚合物 1.14 41 22 4.0 钻井液3 C13-x332井 水基聚合物 1.18 45 12 6.0 钻井液4 Fyp1井 合成基 1.60 26 35 8.5
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表 4 不同冲洗液冲洗效率试验结果
Table 4 Flushing efficiency test results of different flushing fluid
钻井液 冲洗液配方 W0/g W1/g W2/g 冲洗效率，
%钻井液1 配方2（多棱石英砂） 164.70 167.92 165.96 60.8 配方2（普通石英砂） 164.70 167.51 166.07 51.2 配方2（重晶石） 164.70 167.18 166.03 46.4 钻井液3 配方1（多棱石英砂） 164.75 173.50 165.30 93.2 配方1（普通石英砂） 164.75 172.95 166.34 80.6 配方1（重晶石） 164.75 173.83 167.61 68.5 钻井液4 配方3（多棱石英砂） 164.91 166.93 165.34 78.7 配方3（普通石英砂） 164.91 166.81 165.61 63.2 配方3（重晶石） 164.91 167.23 166.06 50.4
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表 5 多棱石英砂冲洗液与常用水泥浆、钻井液的相 容性试验结果
Table 5 Compatibility test results of polygonal quartz sand flushing fluid with common cement slurry and drilling fluid
混合液组成 掺混比例① 稠化时间/min 稠度/Bc 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液1 7∶2∶1 252 18 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液1 1∶1∶1 240 10 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液1 7∶3∶0 260 6 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液2 7∶2∶1 270 16 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液2 1∶1∶1 255 11 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液3 7∶2∶1 263 14 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液3 1∶1∶1 245 9 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液4 7∶2∶1 268 26 水泥浆∶冲洗液∶钻井液4 1∶1∶1 260 17 注：①为水泥浆、冲洗液和钻井液的体积比。
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表 6 多棱石英砂冲洗液在3口井中的应用效果
Table 6 Application effect of polygonal quartz sand flushing fluid in three wells
井名 目的层井段长度/m 优良率，% 合格率，% 备注 C13-x330井 326 16.6 46.5 对比井 C13-x332井 350 71.7 88.5 应用井 C13-x112井 320 69.6 96.0 B17-x037井 252 56.6 86.0 对比井 B17-x292井 260 89.6 97.0 应用井
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