Field Test of Fishbone Multi-Branch Hole Stimulation Technology in Bohai Oilfield
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摘要:
为了提高渤海油田渤中区块裂缝性储层的单井产能，降低开发成本，进行了鱼骨刺形多分支孔增产技术试验。鱼骨刺形多分支孔增产技术具有增产工具结构简单、施工便捷、平台负担小的特点，适合于海上平台作业，实施后可从主井筒向储层一次性钻成多组长12 m的分支孔，能够穿透近井污染带，沟通近井地带的油气流动通道，提高单井产量，在裂缝性储层增产方面具有巨大的应用潜力。首先，通过地面试验分析了裂缝性硬地层岩石的可钻性和分支孔眼轨迹的可控性；在此基础上，优化了水力参数和施工方案，并在渤中区块某探井进行了井下试验。该探井实施鱼骨刺形多分支孔增产措施后，比采气指数提高29%以上，日产气量提高20%以上。试验结果表明，鱼骨刺形多分支孔增产技术可以提高渤海油田渤中区块裂缝性储层的单井产能，且该技术成本低，为渤海油田渤中区块效益开发提供了技术支持。
Abstract:In order to increase the single well production and reduce development costs of fractured reservoirs in the Bozhong Block of Bohai Oilfield, a field test of fishbone multi-branch hole stimulation technology was carried out. The technology is characterized by simple tool structure, convenient construction, and low platform burden which make it suitable for offshore platform operation. As the technology is implemented, multi-branch holes with a length of 12 m can be drilled from the main wellbore to the reservoir at one time, and they can penetrate near-well pollution zones, connect the oil and gas flow channels in near-well zones, and improve the single well production, which has great application potential in increasing the production of fractured reservoirs. To ensure the field test could be carried out smoothly, the first step involved a ground test to analyze the drillability of the rock in fractured reservoirs and the trajectory controllability of multi-branch holes. The hydraulic parameters and construction scheme for the fishbone multi-branch hole stimulation technology were optimized accordingly. Furthermore, the field test was carried out in an exploratory well in the Bozhong block. After the application of fishbone multi-branch hole stimulation technology, the well’s gas productivity index and daily gas production were increased by more than 29% and 20%, respectively. The test results showed that the fishbone multi-branch hole technology can improve the single well production of fractured reservoirs in the Bozhong Block of Bohai Oilfield, and provide technical support for the efficient development in the block with low implementation cost.
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图 3 鱼骨刺形多分支孔实施后的井身结构
Figure 3. Casing program after fishbone multi-branch hole technology implemented
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图 4 鱼骨刺形多分支孔钻进施工曲线
Figure 4. Drilling construction curve of fishbone multi-branch hole
表 1 岩石可钻性试验结果
Table 1 Rock drillability test results
岩心编号 钻头型号 钻头直径/
mm钻头长度/
mm钻压/
N转速/
（r·min−1）平均机械钻速/
（m·h−1）钻后孔径/
mm1 DT-CG 11.6 8.0 400 1 450 8.5 11.9 2 DT-CG 11.6 8.0 400 1 450 6.2 11.9 3 DT-CG 11.6 8.0 400 1 450 5.3 11.9 4 DT-CG 11.6 8.0 400 1 450 2.9 11.9 
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表 2 钻鱼骨刺多分支孔前后试验井的测试结果
Table 2 Test results of a well before and after fishbone multi-branch hole technology implemented
测试时间 测试井段/m 厚度/m 求产方式 井底压差/MPa 压力系数 比采气指数/（m3·MPa−1·d−1·m−1） 日产气量/m3 钻分支孔前 5 076～5 529 453 敞放 46.43 1.10 0.68 14 235 钻分支孔后 5 076～5 529 453 敞放 44.60～48.80 1.10 0.80～0.88 16 289～17 732
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