3D Acid Fracturing Technology in Maokou Formation of Well Jinghe 1 in Southwestern Sichuan
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摘要: 川西南地区以五峰组—龙马溪组为页岩气主力生产层位，过路井在茅口组均有良好气测显示，为落实茅口组的潜力，部署靖和1井作为茅口组专层预探井。针对邻区茅口组酸压改造中酸蚀有效作用距离短、改造体积受限等问题，分析了靖和1井钻遇地层的裂缝及孔隙发育特点，从全三维酸蚀裂缝扩展、酸压入井液体以及配套工艺参数入手，研究应用了立体酸压技术。研究表明，多封隔器精细分段配合大排量施工，能够实现以裂缝体连通为目标的立体改造效果；采用3级交替注入压裂液与胶凝酸施工工艺，既能增大裂缝体改造体积，又能增长酸蚀裂缝距离，兼顾了横向深穿透非均匀溶蚀和纵向细分段高动用的改造需求。靖和1井立体酸压后放喷求产，产气量12.52×104 m3/d，较前置酸酸压提高38%，拟合结果显示酸压后裂缝体连通明显。靖和1井茅口组立体酸压成功实施，为川西南地区茅口组及栖霞组、灯影组等气藏的开发提供了新思路。Abstract: Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation is the main shale-gas production horizon in southwestern Sichuan, and good gas indication shows in Maokou Formation in logging data from wells drilled through. To make a confirmation of the gas potential of the formation, Well Jinghe 1 was drilled as a preliminary prospecting well. In light of the short effective acidizing distance and limited stimulation volume from acid fracturing in Maokou Formation of an adjacent area, the fracture and pore development characteristics of the drilled strata in Well Jinghe 1 were analyzed. A three-dimensional (3D) acid fracturing technology was researched from the aspects of full 3D fracture propagation, the acid fracturing fluid system, and supporting operation parameters. The research results show that fine sectioning by multiple packers accompanied by large-displacement can reach the stimulation effect aiming at realizing connection of fractured bodies. The three-stage alternative injection of fracturing fluid and gelled acid can increase the stimulation volume of fractured bodies and the distances of acid etched fractures. This can met the requirement of deep penetrating and non-uniform etching in the horizontal direction as well as the high production of fine sections in the vertical direction. The production of Well Jinghe 1 was 12.52×104m3/d after 3D acid fracturing, which was 38% higher than that with prepad acid fracturing. The post-fracturing fitting results indicated that fractured bodies were well connected. The successful application of 3D acid fracturing technology in Maokou Formation of Well Jinghe 1 provides a new idea for the development of gas reservoirs in Maokou Formation, Qixia Formation, and Dengying Formation in southwestern Sichuan.
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图 1 替酸前后岩样的不同破坏模式
Figure 1. Different failure modes of rock samples before and after acid displacement
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图 4 转向酸残酸与胶凝酸残酸伤害对比
Figure 4. Comparison of damage caused by residual diverting acid and gelled acid
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图 6 注入压力随酸化时间的变化曲线
Figure 6. Change curve of injection pressure with acidification time
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图 7 不同交替级数时的酸液溶蚀岩心形态
Figure 7. Etching morphology by acid at different alternating stages
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图 8 不同交替级数下导流能力随闭合压力的变化
Figure 8. Variation of conductivity with closure pressure at different alternating stages
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图 9 不同交替级数下的改造体积占比
Figure 9. The proportion of stimulation volume at differentalternating stages
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图 10 不同注酸排量下导流能力随闭合压力的变化
Figure 10. Variation of conductivity with closure pressureunder different displacement of acid injection
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图 11 不同注酸排量下的改造体积占比
Figure 11. The proportion of stimulation volume under differentdisplacement of acid injection
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图 12 不同酸液体积下导流能力随闭合压力的变化
Figure 12. Variation of conductivity with closure pressureunder different acid volume
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图 13 不同酸液体积下的改造体积占比
Figure 13. The proportion of stimulation volume under differentacid volume
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图 14 靖和 1 井 3 段酸化施工曲线
Figure 14. Fracturing curves of three acidification stages in Well Jinghe 1
表 1 靖和1井茅口组岩石力学参数统计结果
Table 1 Statistical results of mechanic parameters of Maokou Formation of Well Jinghe 1
抗压强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 抗拉强度/MPa 泊松比 脆性指数 110.2 20.179 6.10 0.338 0.39 48.5 15.266 9.83 0.071 98.8 17.212 3.85 0.297 
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表 2 渝东南地区茅口组试气效果
Table 2 Gas test effect of Maokou Formation in southeastern Chongqing
区块 试气井 产气量/（104m3·d−1） 义和 义和1井 3.06 平桥 大石1井 5.40 大石1HF井 22.55 大石1-1HF井 8.66 大石2HF井 8.70 焦石坝 焦石1井 1.67 涪茅1HF井 4.02
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表 3 胶凝酸与转向酸与茅口组岩样的反应动力学方程
Table 3 Reaction kinetic equations of gelled acid and diverting acid of cores from Maokou Formation
酸液 H+传质系数/（cm2·s−1） 动力学方程 反应活化能/（kJ·mol−1） 频率因子 胶凝酸 3.16×10−5 J=3.17×10−5Cs0.358 2 25.53 0.200 1 转向酸 3.16×10−8 J=6.16×10−6Cs0.250 8 16.68 1.092 0×10−3
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