Fracturing Parameters Optimization of Horizontal Wells in Shale Reservoirsduring "Well Fracturing-Soaking-Producing"
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摘要: 目前在页岩油藏的多段压裂水平井压–闷–采过程中，缺乏系统完善的水平井压裂参数优化方法，为此，基于动态反演理论，建立了压裂参数优化方法。首先，根据页岩油藏压裂后形成的复杂缝网，采用数值理论和离散裂缝方法，建立了考虑页岩油储层特征和复杂天然裂缝的多段压裂水平井数值模型（EDFM-NM），得到了含离散天然裂缝的油藏压力解及多段压裂水平井的井底压力数值解；然后，应用动态分析方法，建立了包括段间距、闷井时间和井距的优化方法。应用建立的优化方法对长庆页岩油XC井进行实例分析，结果表明，实例井合理段间距为100～125 m，合理闷井时间为25～35 d，合理井距为590～610 m。研究结果为长庆油田页岩油藏压–闷–采参数优化提供了理论基础。Abstract: Regarding the absence of a systemic and complete method for optimizing the multi-stage fracturing parameters of horizontal wells in shale reservoirs during well fracturing-soaking-producing, a fracturing parameter optimization method was developed based on the dynamic inversion theory. First, a numerical model (EDFM-NM) for horizontal wells was established depending on the complex induced fracture networks formed in hydraulic fracturing of shale oil reservoirs, which takes into consideration the characteristics of the reservoirs as well as complex natural fractures. With the model, solution for the pressure of reservoirs with discrete natural fractures and numerical solution of bottom hole pressure of horizontal wells after multi-stage fracturing were obtained. Second, approaches for optimization of stage spacing, soaking time, and well spacing were proposed utilizing the dynamic analysis. Finally, the optimization method was applied to shale oil Well XC in Changqing Oilfield. Reasonable stage spacing, soaking time, and well spacing were found to be 100−125 m, 25−35 d, and 590−610 m, respectively. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of fracturing parameters during “well fracturing–soaking–producing” of shale reservoirs in Changqing Oilfield.
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Keywords:
- shale oil /
- horizontal well /
- dynamic inversion /
- parameter optimization /
- stage spacing /
- soaking time /
- well spacing /
- Changqing Oilfield
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图 1 页岩油藏多段压裂水平井物理模型
Figure 1. Physical model of horizontal wells undergoing multi-stage fracturing in shale reservoirs
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图 5 页岩油多段压裂水平井模型可靠性验证
Figure 5. Reliability verification of model for horizontal wells undergoing multi-stage fracturing in shale reservoirs
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图 6 页岩油多段压裂水平井压–闷–采全周期参数优化方法
Figure 6. Multi-stage fracturing parameter optimization for horizontal wells in shale reservoirs during “well fracturing-soaking- producing”
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图 8 不同段间距下裂缝间的压力分布
Figure 8. Pressure distribution in induced fractures with different hydraulic fracture spacing
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图 9 不同段间距下的累计产油量
Figure 9. Cumulative oil production with different hydraulic fracture spacing
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图 10 合理闷井时间与缝网区渗透率的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between proper soaking time and permeability in fracture network area
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图 11 井距550 m时不同开采时间下的压力分布
Figure 11. Pressure distribution at different stage of production with well spacing of 550 m
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图 12 不同井距下的多井数值模型压力分布
Figure 12. Pressure distribution of multi-well numerical model with different well spacing
表 1 长庆油田长7页岩油XC井基础参数
Table 1 Basic model parameters of the Chang 7 shale oil well XC in Changqing Oilfield
区域 参数 数值 缝网区 裂缝半长/m 60 裂缝导流能力/（mD·m） 30 渗透率/mD 2.0 导压系数/（cm2·s–1） 0.056 1 缝网体积比 0.05 基质窜流系数 1.0×10–6 受效区 半径/m 260 渗透率/mD 0.1 导压系数/（cm2·s–1） 0.013 7 未改造区 渗透率/mD 0.01 导压系数/（cm2·s–1） 0.000 6 井筒 水平段长/m 1 500 储集系数/（m3·MPa–1） 0.23 井筒半径/m 0.108 储层 有效厚度/m 14 储层中深/m 2 100 体积系数/（m3·m–3） 1.192 流体黏度/（mPa·s） 1.27 综合压缩系数/MPa–1 1.042×10–3 
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