Post-Frac Evaluation of Multi-Stage Fracturing on Horizontal Wells Based on Early Flowback History
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摘要: 压裂液早期返排历史数据可用于评价水平井分段压裂效果，而有效裂缝孔隙体积是反映压裂效果的重要参数，但目前基于压裂液返排历史数据的有效裂缝孔隙体积计算方法存在准确性不高的问题。为此，基于北美最新的基于返排历史数据计算初始有效裂缝孔隙体积的研究成果，应用产量不稳定试井中的流动物质平衡方法，结合传统的产量递减方法，提出了一种利用返排历史数据定量求取有效裂缝孔隙体积的方法，并以国内某口分段压裂的致密油水平井为例，详细介绍了该方法的计算分析过程，计算发现，仅有21%的注入压裂液对裂缝导流能力有贡献。研究结果表明，该方法能有效提高有效裂缝孔隙体积计算结果的准确性，可以对水平井分段压裂效果进行正确评价。Abstract: The early flowback history data of fracturing fluid can be used to evaluate multi-stage fracturing effect for horizontal wells, and the effective fracture pore volume is a critical parameter to reflect the fracturing effectiveness. However, current calculation methods of effective fracture pore volume based on the fracturing fluid flowback history shows low accuracy. This paper presents a new method for quantitatively calculating the effective fracture pore volume based on flowback history. On the bases of the latest methodology in North America, the method uses the flowing material balance method of rate transient analysis (RTA) and is combined with a traditional production decline method. Its calculation and analysis process is introduced in detail based on a domestic multi-stage fracturing horizontal tight oil well. The calculation results show that only 21% of the injected fracturing fluid contributes to the fracture conductivity. The results show that the new method can effectively improve the calculation accuracy of the effective fracture pore volume and implement correct evaluation of multi-stage fracturing effect for horizontal wells.
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图 1 压裂液返排期 3 个阶段的主要特征示意
Figure 1. Main characteristics of the three phases during the flowback of fracturing fluid
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图 3 压裂液累计返排量与产量的关系
Figure 3. Variation of cumulative fracturing fluid flowback with production
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图 4 压裂液返排主要流动特征示意及特征诊断图
Figure 4. Main flow characteristics and diagnostic plot of the fracturing fluid flowback
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图 6 压裂液返排历史的流动物质平衡分析示意
Figure 6. Flowing material balance analysis of fracturing fluid flowback history
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图 8 水平井A的压裂液返排量递减分析结果
Figure 8. Decline analysis of fracturing fluid flowback of horizontal well A
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图 9 水平井A的压裂液返排流动特征分析诊断图
Figure 9. Flow characteristic diagnostic plot of fracturing fluid flowback of horizontal well A
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图 10 水平井A的压裂液返排分析特种曲线
Figure 10. Special curve of the fracturing fluid flowback for horizontal well A
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