Key Drilling Technologies for Complex Fracture-Cavity Formation in Jingyan-Qianwei Area
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摘要: 井研–犍为地区地质条件复杂、裂缝溶洞发育，钻井过程中存在井眼失稳、井漏和卡钻等技术难点。为此，综合考虑地层三压力剖面和区域溶洞发育情况，优化了井身结构；根据陆相地层的地质特征，采用钾基聚合物防塌钻井液钻进，防止泥岩水化膨胀，保持井壁稳定；根据钻井过程中出现漏失的类型，采用常规桥接堵漏浆封堵裂缝性漏失，采用多功能固结承压堵漏技术解决恶性漏失，采用随钻封隔器解决漏层多、上喷下漏等复杂情况。通过上述研究形成的井研–犍为地区缝洞型复杂地层钻井关键技术，在井研–犍为地区的PR1井进行了现场试验，试验结果表明，采用该技术可以解决地层垮塌和严重井漏等问题，保证钻井安全。Abstract: The Jingyan-Qianwei Area, characterized by complex geological conditions and developed fractures and karst caves, has technical difficulties such as wellbore instability, lost circulation, and drill pipe sticking. In order to solve the problems, the formation three-pressure profiles and the development of karst caves in the area were comprehensively considered to optimize the casing program. According to the geological characteristics of continental formations, an anti-collapse drilling fluid with potassium-based polymers was used to prevent the mudstone from hydration swelling and keep wellbore stability. Based on the types of lost circulation that occurred during drilling, three plugging methods were developed, namely plugging fracture-induced lost circulation with the conventional bridge plugging slurry, resolving severe lost circulation with multi-functional and pressure-bearing consolidation plugging slurry, and handling complicated situations such as multiple loss formations and upper blowout and lower loss with a packer while drilling. Through the research above, key drilling technologies for complex fracture-cavity formation in Jingyan-Qianwei Area were developed. The technologies have been tested in well PR1 in Jingyan-Qianwei Area, the results showed that the technologies can be used to solve problems such as formation collapse and severe lost circulation and keep safe drilling.
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图 1 固结材料凝固前后的状态
Figure 1. States of the consolidation material before and after solidification
表 1 前期完钻井井身结构
Table 1 Casing programs of wells completed in the early phase
井号 一开 二开 三开完钻 深度/m 层位 深度/m 层位 深度/m 层位 JS1井 540.00 雷口坡组 2 518.00 茅口组 4 202.00 灯影组 JY1井 506.00 须家河组 2 797.00 五峰组 3 940.00 灯影组 JY2井 745.00 须家河组 3 375.00 筇竹寺组 4 000.00 灯影组 JSH1井 717.00 雷口坡组 3 436.00 麦地坪组 4 221.00 陡山沱组 JS103井 504.00 须家河组 3 042.50 陡坡寺组 3 824.00 灯影组 
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表 2 地层三压力剖面预测
Table 2 Prediction of formation three-pressure profiles
层位 埋深/m 地层孔隙压力系数 地层破裂压力系数 地层坍塌压力系数 蓬莱镇组—沙溪庙组 870.00 1.00～1.10 1.00～1.10 凉高山组—须家河组 1 665.00 1.00～1.20 1.86～3.90 1.00～1.10 雷口坡组—飞仙关组 2 880.00 1.10～1.30 1.68～3.50 1.00～1.10 沙湾组、峨眉山组玄武岩 3 145.00 1.20～1.40 1.80～2.70 1.00～1.40 茅口组—梁山组 3 570.00 1.20～1.40 1.70～2.50 1.00～1.10 沧浪铺组—麦地坪组 3 990.00 1.20～1.45 2.50～3.20 1.00～1.40 灯影组 4 430.00 1.00～1.20 1.79～3.31 1.00～1.10
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