Subdivision Cutting Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Shale Oil Wells in the Longdong Area of the Changqing Oilfield
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摘要: 长庆油田陇东地区页岩油储层脆性指数低、天然裂缝不发育、不易形成复杂缝网,进行分段多簇体积压裂时,受储层物性、地应力、各向异性及水力裂缝簇间干扰等因素影响,簇间进液不均,达不到储层均匀改造的目的。针对该问题,依据缝控储量最大化原则,在分级评价页岩油水平段储层品质及建立非均质地质模型的基础上,开展了基于甜点空间分布和综合甜点指数的细分切割单段单簇压裂布缝设计方法研究,优化了压裂施工参数,形成了页岩油水平井细分切割压裂技术。该技术在长庆油田陇东地区10口页岩油水平井进行了现场应用,取得了很好的压裂效果,应用井投产后日产油量较邻井高出35.9%。长庆油田陇东地区页岩油水平井细分切割压裂技术的成功应用,为类似页岩油储层改造提供了新的技术思路。Abstract: The shale oil reservoirs in the Longdong area of the Changqing Oilfield are characterized by low brittleness index and undeveloped natural fractures. In this case, complex fracture networks are difficult to form. During multi-stage and multi-cluster volumetric fracturing, uniform reservoir stimulation is hard to achieve due to various effects of reservoir properties, in-situ stresses, anisotropy and inter-cluster interference of hydraulic fractures, and uneven fluid inflow within the clusters. According to the principle of maximizing fracture-controlled reserves, reservoir quality was evaluated and graded for the shale oil horizontal sections, and a heterogeneous geological model was built. On this basis, the layout of single-stage and single-cluster fractures by subdivision cutting fracturing was designed according to the spatial distribution of sweet spots and the comprehensive sweet spot index, and the fracturing parameters were optimized accordingly. As a result, a subdivision cutting fracturing technology for horizontal shale oil wells was developed. Field tests were conducted in 10 horizontal shale oil wells in the Longdong area of the Changqing Oilfield with good stimulation effect, where the daily oil production of the test wells was 35.9% higher than that of adjacent wells. With its successful application, this technology provides a new idea for the stimulation of the similar shale oil reservoirs.
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表 1 多簇合压和单簇单压下的采油指数和无阻流量
Table 1 Productivity index and open flow capacity under multi-cluster fracturing and single-cluster fracturing
序号 压裂工艺 采油指数/(m3·d–1·MPa–1) 无阻流量/(m3·d–1) 1 多簇合压 2.058 46 32.93 2 单簇单压 2.241 65 35.86 表 2 射孔位置优选结果
Table 2 Optimized perforating positions
压裂
段次射孔
位置/
m段间
距/m综合
甜点
指数,%压裂
段次射孔
位置/
m段间
距/m综合
甜点
指数,%1 3 221.50 55.9 13 2 741.90 25.00 66.2 2 3 169.60 51.90 59.2 14 2 711.10 30.80 79.1 3 3 133.80 35.80 82.9 15 2 670.40 40.70 77.5 4 3 106.30 27.50 60.0 16 2 643.30 27.10 72.0 5 3 079.80 26.50 73.9 17 2 598.10 45.20 64.1 6 3 053.40 26.40 60.5 18 2 568.60 29.50 73.0 7 3 028.10 25.30 71.4 19 2 540.60 28.00 64.5 8 3 002.80 25.30 54.7 20 2 510.90 29.70 70.0 9 2 962.00 40.80 62.1 21 2 480.90 30.00 87.7 10 2 928.10 33.90 56.0 22 2 455.10 25.80 66.5 11 2 792.10 136.00 63.1 23 2 393.60 61.50 52.5 12 2 766.90 25.20 80.8 24 2 354.00 39.60 87.5 表 3 相同液量、不同砂比(加砂量)下的裂缝参数及压后的产量
Table 3 Fracture parameters and post-fracturing production with the same fluid rates but different proppant concentration (sand content)
序号 砂比,
%每段液量/m3 每段加砂量/m3 支撑缝长/m 导流能力/
(mD·m)无因次
导流能力第1年
产量/t1 21 620 78.0 131.30 740.3 56.4 4 083.2 2 18 620 66.8 130.40 644.5 49.4 4 053.0 3 15 620 55.7 129.50 538.8 41.6 4 023.5 4 12 620 44.6 121.50 454.3 37.4 3 773.6 5 9 620 33.4 108.70 381.8 35.1 3 226.3 表 4 两种粒径支撑剂以不同比例组合后的裂缝导流能力与压后产量
Table 4 Fracture conductivity and post-fracturing production after the proppant with two particle sizes were combined in different proportions
序号 40/70目和20/40目
支撑剂配比导流能力/
(mD·m)无因次导流
能力第1年
产量/t1 1∶3 533.4 25.8 5 263.1 2 1∶2 481.7 23.3 5 253.6 3 1∶1 405.9 19.6 5 243.4 4 2∶1 327.5 15.8 5 233.8 5 3∶1 276.5 13.4 5 179.2 表 5 不同尺寸连续油管在不同排量下的环空流速
Table 5 Annular flow velocity of coiled tubings in different sizes under different flow rates
排量/
(m3·min–1)不同尺寸连续油管对应环空流速/(m·s–1) ϕ58.4 mm ϕ50.8 mm ϕ43.2 mm 6.4 11.5 10.6 10.1 6.6 11.9 10.9 10.4 6.8 12.2 11.2 10.7 7.0 12.6 11.6 11.0 7.2 12.9 11.9 11.3 7.4 13.3 12.2 11.7 7.6 13.7 12.5 12.0 7.8 14.0 12.9 12.3 8.0 14.4 13.2 12.6 8.2 14.7 13.5 12.9 8.4 15.1 13.9 13.2 表 6 XP237平台各井改造和投产数据对比
Table 6 Comparison of stimulation and production data of the wells on the Platform XP237
井别 井号 投产时间 目前情况 改造工艺 段数 簇数 入地液量/
m3加砂量/
m3水平段
长度/m油层钻遇
率,%加砂强度/
(m3·m–1)进液强度/
(m3·m–1)油量/
t含水率,% 对比井 XP 237-71 2018/02/18 8.85 16.3 桥塞分段 31 67 29 660.6 3 261.3 2 237.0 79.8 1.8 16.6 XP 237-74 2018/08/03 17.53 25.8 22 62 26 418.5 3 321.4 1 876.0 85.3 2.1 16.5 XP 237-75 2018/08/19 8.62 33.7 26 67 28 779.0 3 102.7 1 682.3 79.3 2.3 21.6 XP 237-76 2018/08/19 14.78 18.5 18 58 22 676.4 2 842.8 1 934.6 87.1 1.7 13.4 应用井 XP 237-72 2018/05/21 14.39 19.2 细分切割 40 40 23 467.7 2 610.0 1 535.0 99.7 1.7 15.3 -
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