Production System Optimization for Enhanced Fracture Network Stimulation in Continental Shale Oil Reservoirs in the Dongying Sag
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摘要: 为最大限度提高东营凹陷陆相页岩油水平井全生命周期累计采油量，开展了强化缝网改造合理生产制度研究。针对页岩油藏复杂的赋存和渗流机理，建立了页岩油藏双重介质两相流压–闷–采全周期流动表征模型，模拟研究了不同生产制度下（即不同闷井时间、自喷期和机采期的压降速度）的产量变化规律，初步探讨了生产制度的优化方法。根据模拟结果，得到了目标井的合理生产制度：闷井时间为60 d；自喷初期压降速度控制在0.06～0.10 MPa/d，自喷中期压降速度控制在0.02～0.04 MPa/d，自喷末期放液生产，快速将油压降至0；机采期控制压降速度保证油井持续生产，防止压力快速下降，地层基质供液不足。研究结果为优化东营凹陷陆相页岩油开发方案提供了理论依据，也为其他地区优化页岩油水平井生产制度提供了借鉴。Abstract: The reasonable production system for enhanced fracture network stimulation was studied to maximize the cumulative production in the full period of continental horizontal shale oil wells in the Dongying Sag. According to the complex storage and seepage mechanisms of the shale oil reservoir, a model was established to characterize the full period of fracturing, shut-in and oil production of two-phase flow in the dual media in shale oil reservoir. Production variation with the different production systems (different shut-in time and pressure drop rates in the flowing and pumping stages), and the method for production system optimization were preliminarily discussed by simulation. According to the simulation results, a reasonable production system for target wells was obtained. To be specific, the reasonable shut-in time was 60 days; the pressure drop rate was controlled to be 0.06–0.10 MPa/d at the early flowing stage and 0.02–0.04 MPa/d at the middle flowing stage; tapping was carried out at the last flowing stage to rapidly release the oil pressure to 0; the pressure drop rate was controlled to ensure continuous production of oil wells at the pumping stage, avoiding insufficient liquid supply from the formation matrix due to excessively fast pressure drop. The research results can provide a theoretical guidance for development optimization of continental shale oil in the Dongying Sag, and also provide references for the optimization of production systems for horizontal shale oil wells in other regions.
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图 2 页岩油藏双重介质两相流压–闷–采全周期流动表征模型示意
Figure 2. Characterization model for the full period of fracturing, shut-in and oil production of two-phase flow in the dual media in shale oil reservoir
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图 3 不同开发方案下页岩油水平井的全周期压力变化特征
Figure 3. Pressure variation in the horizontal shale oil wells during full period with different production systems
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图 4 均匀压降方案下的累计产量
Figure 4. Cumulative production under the uniform pressure drop scheme
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图 5 梯度压降方案下的累计产量
Figure 5. Cumulative production under the gradient pressure drop scheme
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图 6 机采期梯度压降方案下的累计产量
Figure 6. Cumulative production under the gradient pressure drop scheme at the pumping stage
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图 7 基于实际油井的生产制度优化示意
Figure 7. Optimization of the production system based on actual oil wells
表 1 自喷期均匀压降优化设计方案
Table 1 Optimal design of the uniform pressure drop scheme at the flowing stage
模拟方案 压降速度/（MPa·d–1） 控制压降时间/d 1 0.10 194 2 0.08 242 3 0.06 323 4 0.04 485 5 0.02 970 
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表 2 自喷期梯度压降方案优化设计结果
Table 2 Optimal design results of the gradient pressure drop scheme at the flowing stage
方案 压降速度/（MPa·d–1） 控制压降时间/d 阶段1 阶段2 阶段3 阶段4 阶段5 阶段1 阶段2 阶段3 阶段4 阶段5 1 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 40 50 67 100 至油压为0 2 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 10 25 67 150 至油压为0 3 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 70 25 67 150 至油压为0 4 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 200 100 67 50 至油压为0 5 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 50 6 67 75 至油压为0 6 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 350 150 67 25 至油压为0
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