Key Technologies for Drilling and Completion of Horizontal Shale Oil Wells in the Jiyang Depression
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摘要: 济阳坳陷页岩油地质条件复杂，水平井钻井完井过程中面临安全风险高、机械钻速低、井眼轨迹控制效率低、复杂时效高和固井质量差等技术难题。通过钻井工程优化设计、页岩油水平井提速提效、高性能合成基钻井液和页岩油水平井固井等技术攻关与集成应用，初步形成了济阳坳陷页岩油水平井钻井完井关键技术，并在8口页岩油水平井进行了成功应用，平均完钻井深4 402.60 m，平均机械钻速8.86 m/h，实现了济阳坳陷页岩油水平井千米水平段一趟钻完钻，复杂时效大幅降低。研究与应用结果表明，该技术能为济阳坳陷页岩油资源的有效开发提供技术支持，对我国其他页岩油区块的勘探开发也有一定的借鉴作用。Abstract: Since the geological conditions of the shale oil reservoir in the Jiyang Depression are complex, there are many technical difficulties during the drilling and completion of horizontal wells, such as high safety risk, low rate of penetration (ROP), low efficiency of wellbore trajectory control, high complex efficiency, and poor cementing quality, etc. The key technologies for the drilling and completion of horizontal shale oil wells in the Jiyang Depression were preliminarily developed, benefiting from the exploration and integrated application of optimization design of drilling engineering, ROP and efficiency enhancement for the horizontal wells, development of high-performance synthetic base drilling fluid, and cementing quality improvement of the horizontal wells. Moreover, these technologies were successfully applied to eight horizontal shale oil wells. The average drilling depth and average ROP were 4402.60 m and 8.86 m/h, respectively, indicating that one-trip drilling was realized in the kilometric horizontal section of horizontal shale oil wells in the Jiyang Depression and thus the complex efficiency was lowered significantly. This study can provide technical support for the effective development of shale oil resources in the Jiyang Depression and a reference for best practices in the exploration and development of other shale oil blocks in China.
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图 1 渤南洼陷沙三下储层井斜、方位对坍塌压力和破裂压力的影响
Figure 1. Influence of inclination and azimuth on collapse pressure and fracturing pressure in a reservoir in the lower 3rd member of Shahejie Formation of the Bonan Subsag
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图 2 穿砾石层的异形齿PDC钻头切削齿形状及分布
Figure 2. Shape and distribution of cutting teeth of a special-shaped-tooth PDC bit able to penetrate gravel layers
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图 3 适用于灰质泥岩的脊形齿PDC钻头切削齿形状及分布
Figure 3. Shape and distribution of cutting teeth of a ridge-shaped-tooth PDC bit applicable to calcareous mudstone
表 1 水力振荡器在3口页岩油水平井钻井中的应用效果统计
Table 1 Application effect of hydraulic oscillators in the drilling of three horizontal shale oil wells
井号 进尺/m 纯钻时间/h 机械钻速/（m·h–1） 纯钻时效，% YYP1 676 117.0 5.78 39.87 FYP1 744 169.5 4.39 38.62 BYP5 573 92.0 6.23 41.26 
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表 2 济阳坳陷3口页岩油水平井旋转导向系统应用效果
Table 2 Application effect of a rotary steering system in three horizontal shale oil wells in Jiyang Depression
井号 钻进井段/m 进尺/m 机械钻速/（m·h–1） 最大井斜角/（°） YYP1 3729～4591 862 10.64 91.30 FYP1 3327～4614 1287 5.70 87.08 BYP5 4048～5379 1331 11.81 82.13
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表 3 3种基础油主要物化性能对比
Table 3 Comparison of physicochemical properties among three base oils
基础油 闪点/
℃密度/
（kg·L–1）运动黏度/
（mm2·s–1）芳烃含
量，%苯胺点/
℃倾点/
℃柴油 57～63 0.86 3.4 30.00～60.00 54～60 –17.8 白油 113 0.83 3.8～8.2 3.90 92 –30.0 气制油 125 0.80 2.8 <0.01 >85 –40.0
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表 4 合成基钻井液抗温性能试验结果
Table 4 Temperature resistance of synthetic base drilling fluid
试验条件 破乳电压/
V静切力/
Pa塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/
PaAPI滤失量/
mL室温 1160 5.0/9.0 42 10.0 0.8 120 ℃/16 h >2000 5.0/12.0 40 11.0 0 150 ℃/16 h 1600 6.0/14.0 37 14.0 0.2 180 ℃/16 h 1000 6.5/15.0 45 15.5 0.4 200 ℃/16 h 800 5.0/8.0 58 8.0 0.8 205 ℃/16 h 750 4.0/7.0 59 7.5 1.0
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表 5 济阳坳陷8口页岩油水平井钻井情况统计
Table 5 Drilling results of eight horizontal shale oil wells in the Jiyang Depression
井号 井深/
m垂深/
m钻井周期/
d钻速/
（m·h–1）水平段长/
m备注 BYP1 4336.00 2969.75 75.50 8.13 1147.00 第一
轮次BYP 2 3645.00 2568.29 85.88 10.53 716.00 LY1HF 3970.00 3206.57 132.50 3.84 633.00 BYP 1-2 3542.00 2989.91 50.83 6.08 373.00 YYP1 4902.00 3540.52 88.05 12.16 942.00 第二
轮次FYP1 5364.00 3564.57 108.87 8.18 1716.00 NY1-1HF 4083.00 3619.87 80.92 9.81 158.00 BYP5 5379.00 4309.30 131.00 12.17 1059.59
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