Key Drilling Techniques for Horizontal Wells with Ultra-Long Horizontal Sectionin the Shale Oil Reservoir in Jimusar, Xinjiang
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摘要: 为解决新疆吉木萨尔页岩油超长水平段水平井水平段钻井中井眼失稳和摩阻过大的问题，满足3 000～3 500 m长水平段安全快速钻井需求，进行了井身结构优化、双二维井眼轨道设计、根据井眼清洁情况确定钻井参数等降摩减阻技术研究，并在室内优化配制了抑制性强、稳定性好、润滑性强的油基钻井液，研究形成了新疆吉木萨尔页岩油超长水平段水平井钻井关键技术。该技术在现场试验3口井，水平段机械钻速达到10.9 m/h，缩短了钻井周期，3口水平井的通井、电测和下套管作业均一次完成，钻井完井过程中未发生井下故障，并创造了国内非常规油气藏最长水平段纪录。研究与应用结果表明，该技术可以满足新疆页吉木萨尔页岩油示范区超长水平段水平井安全高效钻井和进一步提高水平段延伸能力的技术需求，值得推广应用。Abstract: Borehole instability and excessive friction were encountered during drilling the ultra-long horizontal section of horizontal wells in the shale oil reservoir in Jimusaer, Xinjiang. For safe and fast drilling of horizontal sections of 3 000–3 500 m, a friction reduction study was performed, such as optimization of the casing program, design of a dual two-dimensional trajectory, and determination of drilling parameters based on wellbore cleaning condition, etc. Moreover, an oil base drilling fluid formula with excellent performance in inhibition, stability and lubricity was identified in the laboratory. Finally, the key drilling techniques were developed for the horizontal wells with ultra-long horizontal section in the shale oil reservoir in Jimusaer, Xinjiang. The techniques were applied in three wells with a penetration rate of 10.9 m/h in the horizontal section and greatly reduced drilling time. The drifting process, electric logging and casing running in those wells were all successful in one run, without any occurrence of downhole complex situations during drilling and completion. It set the longest horizontal section record of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China. Research and application results show that the techniques can meet the technical requirements for safe and efficient drilling of the horizontal wells with ultra-long horizontal section in shale oil demonstration area in Jimusaer, Xinjiang and further improve the extension capacity of the horizontal section, and it is worthy of popularization and application.
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图 1 不同井眼轨道条件下JHW00423井的钻具屈曲分析结果
Figure 1. Buckling analysis results of drilling tool under different borehole trajectory conditions
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图 2 最小排量与井深的关系（井径扩大率10%）
Figure 2. Relationship between minimum flow rate and well depth (10% hole enlargement rate)
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图 3 原水平井井身结构和优化后的水平井井身结构
Figure 3. Casing programs of original and optimized horizontal wells
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图 4 排量为1.85 m3/min时井底当量循环密度的变化曲线
Figure 4. Variation of bottom hole equivalent circulating density (ECD) with a flow rate of 1.85 m3/min
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图 5 试验井与采用水基钻井液的邻井的水平段井径对比
Figure 5. Comparison between borehole diameters in the horizontal sections of the test well and its adjacent well using water-based drilling fluid
表 1 不同摩阻系数条件下的水平段延伸能力统计结果
Table 1 Statistics of horizontal section extension capacity under different friction coefficient conditions
井号 通井摩阻/
kN实钻水平
段长/m摩阻
系数水平段最大
延伸能力/mJ10057H 38～42 2 256 0.37 2 200 J10028H 40～45 2 030 0.41 2 040 J179H 40～45 1 830 0.40 2 050 J10016H 50～60 1 600 0.55 1 540 
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表 2 芦草沟组岩石成分分析结果
Table 2 Analysis results of rock composition of Lucaogou Formation
序号 理化分析结果，% 黏土 石英 斜长石 方解石 沸石 铁辉石 1 17 23 53 3 4 2 20 48 32 3 20 47 33 4 10 2 79 9
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表 3 2019年新疆页岩油井区三开水平井水平段卡钻情况统计结果
Table 3 Statistics of stuck in the third horizontal section of the horizontal wells in the shale oil well area in Xinjiang in 2019
井号 卡钻发生
井深/m进入水平段
时间/d工况 钻井液密度/
（kg·L–1）卡钻情况简述 J10017H 4 885 21 钻进 1.60 钻至井深4 885 m时，立柱下单根钻完，上提下单根出转盘面5 m，顶驱扭矩由19 kN·m升至24 kN·m蹩停、卡钻，振动筛返出大量岩屑 J179H 5 260 26 划眼 1.60 通井遇阻划眼至井深5 260 m，顶驱突然蹩停，泵压由15 MPa升至19 MPa，原悬重1 300 kN，摩阻400～600 kN，上提下放（悬重700～1 900 kN）无效，钻具卡死，振动筛上可见大量岩屑 JHW051 4 138 17 钻进 1.59 钻至井深4 138 m时，钻具上提0.8 m，转盘扭矩由14 kN·m升至23 kN·m，顶驱蹩停，上提下放（悬重800～1 200 kN，原悬重1 030 kN）无效，发生卡钻 J10016H 3 988 19 钻进 1.59 钻至井深3 988 m时，钻具上提2 m，顶驱蹩停，泵压由19 MPa升至23 MPa，上提遇阻，卡钻，井口返出大量岩屑 J10019H 4 483 22 钻进 1.61 钻至井深4 483 m时，上提钻具1.5 m，钻井泵安全销打掉，倒泵后开泵循环，上提钻具遇阻，来回活动钻具无反应，发生卡钻
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表 4 白油基油包水钻井液的基本性能
Table 4 Basic properties of white oil-based water-in-oil drilling fluid
试验
条件表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/
Pa破乳电
压/V高温高压滤
失量2）/mL老化前 64 54 10 890 2.0 老化后1） 62 53 9 780 2.4 注：1）老化条件为在150 ℃温度下热滚16 h（井底温度100～120 ℃）；2）温度150 ℃，压差3.5 MPa。
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表 5 试验井与采用水基钻井液邻井的摩阻系数对比
Table 5 Comparison between friction coefficients of the test well and its adjacent well using water-based drilling fluid
井号 钻井液 水平段长度/m 实测摩阻系数 JHW00421 油基钻井液 3 100 0.18 JHW00422 油基钻井液 3 500 0.15 JHW00423 油基钻井液 3 000 0.16 JHW041 水基钻井液 1 500 0.40 JHW01022 水基钻井液 1 500 0.39 JHW051 水基钻井液 2 000 0.41 JHW151 水基钻井液 2 000 0.37
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