川西地区油基钻井液井壁强化技术

王星媛; 陆灯云; 袁志平

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2020116

川西地区油基钻井液井壁强化技术

王星媛^{1, 2,},
陆灯云²,
袁志平^{1, 2}

1.
油气田应用化学四川省重点实验室，四川广汉 618300
2.
中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司钻采工程技术研究院，四川广汉 618300

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项“四川盆地大型碳酸盐岩气田开发示范工程”（编号：2016ZX05052）、川庆钻探工程有限公司钻采工程技术研究院科技项目“220 ℃抗高温高密度油基钻井液技术研究与应用”（编号：ZCY-19-01）联合资助

详细信息

作者简介:
王星媛（1989—），女，四川南充人，2011年毕业于西南石油大学应用化学专业，2014年获西南石油大学化学工程专业硕士学位，工程师，主要从事钻井液与完井液方面的技术研究工作。E-mail：wangxy_zcy@cnpc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254⁺.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-06
- 修回日期: 2020-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-18
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-29

Borehole Strengthening Technology with Oil-Based Drilling Fluid in the Western Sichuan Basin

1.
Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, Sichuan, 618300, China
2.
Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute, Chuanqing Drilling and Exploration Engineering Company, Ltd., CNPC, Guanghan, Sichuan, 618300, China

摘要

摘要: 钻进川西地区深部地层时，井漏、井眼垮塌和卡钻问题频发，如采用油基钻井液钻进，则不易形成厚滤饼且滤饼致密性差，井筒压力穿透能力强。针对该问题，根据钻井液成膜机理，采用核壳结构设计，以苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯类等为原料，合成了一种适用于该地区深井钻井中地层温度≤150 ℃中部层位的致密膜护壁剂CQ-NFF；根据风险地层的地质特性、工程特性分析结果和d₉₀规则，选用超细碳酸钙、弹性石墨、高强度树脂和高分散纤维复配形成了内充填封堵剂。采用扫描电镜分析了钻井液的成膜机理及形貌，通过高温高压滤失、高温渗透失水、高温渗透失油试验评价了钻井液的成膜效应，通过高温高压砂床滤失试验评价了充填材料的承压封堵能力。结果表明，CQ-NFF可在油包水乳状液和油基钻井液中形成致密薄膜，并有效吸附在滤饼表面，薄膜承压封堵能力达到2.0 MPa；将内填充封堵剂加入油基钻井液后，内滤饼的承压能力可提高至3.5 MPa以上。以上述处理剂为核心的川西地区油基钻井液井壁强化技术，在双探6井和中江2井进行了现场试验，深层井漏、井眼垮塌、卡钻等井下故障时间大幅缩短，试验效果显著。
- 深层 /
- 油基钻井液 /
- 井壁强化 /
- 成膜钻井液 /
- 封堵剂 /
- 川西地区
Abstract: Wellbore collapse, lost circulation and sticking frequently happen in deep formations when drilling in the western Sichuan Basin. When drilling with oil-based drilling fluids, it is difficult for a thick filter cake to form. Plus, the low density of the filter cake leads to high pressure penetration ability at the wellbore. To solve this problem, based on the mechanism of drilling fluid film forming, a wellbore protection agent with the compact film, CQ-NFF, was synthesized from styrene, acrylate and other raw materials using the core-shell structural design, which is suitable for the middle layer with a temperature no more than 150 °C in deep well drilling in the area. According to the analysis results of the geological characteristics and engineering characteristics of high-risk formations and the d₉₀ rule, an inner-filling plugging agent was formed from ultra-fine grains of calcium carbonate, elastic graphite, high strength resin and highly dispersed fiber. The film-forming mechanism and morphology of drilling fluid were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Film forming effects were evaluated in filtration tests under high temperature and high pressure along with water and oil loss tests during drilling penetration at high temperature. By means of the sand bed filtration experiments under high temperature and high pressure, the plugging capacity of the filling material was evaluated. Experimental results show that CQ-NFF can form a compact film in water-in-oil emulsion and oil-based drilling fluid, and the film can be adsorbed on the surface of the filter cake effectively. The pressure resisting and plugging capacity of the film can reach 2.0 MPa. After the inner-filling plugging agent was added to the oil-based drilling fluid, the pressure bearing capacity of the inner filter cake was increased to over 3.5 MPa. The borehole strengthening technology with oil-based drilling fluid, treating chemicals as the core, was applied in Well Shuangtan 6 and Well Zhongjiang 2. The results show a remarkable application effect that the downhole downtime due to lost circulation in deep formations, wellbore collapse or drill pipe sticking were greatly reduced.
- deep formation /
- oil-based drilling fluid /
- wellbore strengthening /
- film forming drilling fluid /
- plugging agent /
- western Sichuan Basin

HTML全文

图 1 CQ-NFF的分子结构式

Figure 1. Molecular structure of CQ-NFF

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图 2 CQ-NFF颗粒粒径分布

Figure 2. Particle size distribution of CQ-NFF

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图 3 CQ-NFF在油包水乳状液中所形成膜的微观结构

Figure 3. Microstructure of the film formed by CQ-NFF in water-in-oil emulsion

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图 4 CQ-NFF在油基钻井液滤饼上的成膜效应

Figure 4. Film-forming effect of CQ-NFF on oil-based drilling fluid filter cake

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图 5 内充填封堵剂颗粒粒径分布

Figure 5. Particle size distribution of inner-filling plugging agent

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图 6 双探6井ϕ241.3和ϕ149.2 mm井段与邻井钻井数据对比

Figure 6. Comparison of drilling data of ϕ 241.3 mm and ϕ 149.2 mm sections in Well Shuangtan 6 and adjacent wells

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表 1 CQ-NFF在油包水乳状液中的成膜封堵效应评价结果

Table 1 Evaluation results of the film-forming plugging effect of CQ-NFF in water-in-oil emulsion

CQ-NFF加量，%	高温高压滤失量/mL	高温渗透失油量/mL	高温渗透失水量/mL	高温渗透失油最大承压能力/MPa	高温渗透失水最大承压能力/MPa
0	击穿	击穿	击穿	0.5 MPa击穿	0.5 MPa击穿
1.0	5.5	击穿	击穿	0.5	0.5 MPa击穿
2.0	2.0	28.4	击穿	1.5	0.5
3.0	2.4	13.6	27.0	1.5	0.5
4.0	0.5	8.2	19.2	2.0	1.0

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表 2 CQ-NFF对油基钻井液基本性能的影响

Table 2 The effect of CQ-NFF on basic properties of oil-based drilling fluid

CQ-NFF加量，%	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	静切力/Pa		破乳电压/ V	高温高压滤失量/ mL	滤饼厚度/ mm	高温渗透失水量/mL	高温渗透失油量/mL
CQ-NFF加量，%	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	初切	终切	破乳电压/ V	高温高压滤失量/ mL	滤饼厚度/ mm	高温渗透失水量/mL	高温渗透失油量/mL
0	70	65	5	3.0	8.0	1 418	7.0	1.5	击穿	击穿
1.0	75	66	9	3.5	10.5	1 467	0.2	1.5	37.4	4.6
2.0	93	82	11	5.5	15.5	1 417	0.2	1.5	28.2	3.4

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表 3 内充填封堵剂对油基钻井液流变性的影响

Table 3 Effect of inner-filling plugging agent on rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluid

内充填封堵剂	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/Pa	六速黏度计读数		静切力/Pa		破乳电压/V
内充填封堵剂	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/Pa	Φ6	Φ3	初切	终切	破乳电压/V
未加入	60.0	54	6.0	5	4	3.5	7.0	918
加入	95.5	80	15.5	11	10	7.0	16.5	987
注：内充填封堵剂的具体配方为3.0%400目超细碳酸钙+2.0%弹性石墨+1.0%高强度树脂+0.1%高分散纤维。下同。

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表 4 内充填封堵剂承压封堵能力评价结果

Table 4 Evaluation results of the pressure resisting and plugging capacity of the inner-filling plugging agent

内充填封堵剂	砂床滤失量/mL	砂床强化后清水承压能力/MPa	砂床强化后白油承压能力/MPa
未加入	14.8	0.5	0.5
加入	0	≥3.5	≥3.5

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表 5 中江2井与川西火山岩层钻井故障情况对比

Table 5 Comparison of the drilling failures of Well Zhongjiang 2 and volcanic layers in western Sichuan Basin

井名	火山岩岩性	井下故障类型	井下故障时间/h	井下故障时间占比（同开次），%
大深001-X1井	凝灰岩、杏仁状玄武岩	垮塌、卡钻导致侧钻	1 034.99	23.25
大深001-X3井	凝灰岩、杏仁状玄武岩	垮塌、卡钻导致侧钻	1 077.25	38.69
大深001-X4井	凝灰岩、杏仁状玄武岩	垮塌	239.59	15.03
莲探1井	凝灰岩、杏仁状玄武岩	垮塌、卡钻导致侧钻	6 044.85	90.93
永探1井	凝灰岩、灰绿岩、杏仁状玄武岩	井漏、垮塌	80.48	2.73
中江2井	凝灰岩、杏仁状玄武岩	无	0	0

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