Research on Stratum Settlement and Wellhead Stability in Deep Water during Hydrate Production Testing
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摘要: 在深水非成岩地层天然气水合物试采过程中，随着试采时间增长，大面积弱固结地层中的水合物分解后，可能造成海底地层沉降，损坏井口和海底管汇，导致试采工程失败。为此，建立了非成岩地层水合物试采过程中的海底地层沉降和井口稳定性分析模型，分析认为水合物分解后产生的负摩阻力和下拉载荷是导致井口失稳的主要因素，并采用有限元强度折减法模拟研究了水合物分解对地层沉降和井口稳定性的影响，结果发现，水合物分解后管柱周围的负摩阻力主要分布于表层导管底部向上约1/3的区域，且水合物分解半径越大、水合物饱和度越高，负摩阻力越大。自主研发了天然气水合物开采井口模拟试验装置，进行了水合物分解对井口稳定性影响的室内模拟试验，负摩阻力的模拟试验结果与数值模拟结果相比，相对误差在10%以内，验证了计算模型和数值模拟结果的可靠性。研究成果可为深水非成岩地层水合物试采时间控制和井口安全评估提供理论参考。Abstract: During hydrate production testing in deep-water non-diagenetically altered formations, subsea stratum settlement may occur after the decomposition of gas hydrate in a large area of weakly consolidated formation accompanied by an increase of production test time, resulting in wellhead and subsea manifold damage as well as the failure of the production testing project. To solve this problem, an analytical model of subsea stratum settlement and wellhead stability in non-diagenetically altered formations during hydrate production testing was established. Negative friction and drop-down load produced by hydrate decomposition were considered to be the main factors leading to wellhead instability, and the finite element strength reduction method was used to simulate the influence of hydrate decomposition on stratum settlement and wellhead stability. The results showed that the negative friction resistance around the pipe string after hydrate decomposition was mainly distributed in the area about 1/3 the length of conductor above the bottom, and the larger the hydrate decomposition radius, the higher the hydrate saturation, and the greater the negative friction resistance. The laboratory simulation test was carried out to explore the influence of hydrate decomposition on wellhead stability by means of the self-developed wellhead simulation device for gas hydrate production. The results showed that the relative error between the test result and simulation result of negative friction resistance was less than 10%, which verified the reliability of the calculation model and numerical simulation results. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the time control and wellhead safety assessment of hydrate production test in deep water non-diagenetic formations.
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Keywords:
- deep water /
- gas hydrate /
- hydrate production test /
- stratum settlement /
- wellhead stability /
- simulation test
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图 1 水合物井井身结构及井口失稳示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the casing program and wellhead instability of hydrate wells
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图 2 有限元强度折减法模拟水合物分解的基本流程
Figure 2. Basic simulation process of hydrate decomposition with finite element strength reduction method
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图 3 表层导管及水合物地层几何模型
Figure 3. Geometric model of surface conductor and hydrate formations
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图 4 不同水合物分解半径下地层沉降位移云图
Figure 4. Cloud chart of formation settlement displacement under different hydrate decomposition radii
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图 5 不同水合物分解半径下负摩阻力的轴向分布
Figure 5. Axial distribution of negative friction resistance under different hydrate decomposition radii
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图 6 不同厚度水合物层下拉载荷与井口载荷之和
Figure 6. Sum of drop-down load and wellhead load of hydrate stratum with different thickness
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图 10 水合物分解过程中地层沉降模拟试验结果
Figure 10. Simulation test results of stratum settlement during hydrate decomposition
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图 11 负摩阻力分布的模拟试验结果和数值计算结果
Figure 11. Simulation test results and numerical calculation results of negative friction resistance distribution
表 1 反应釜内温度和压力的变化情况
Table 1 Variation of temperature and pressure in the reactor
测量参数 反应釜内平均
压力/MPa反应釜内平均
温度/℃水合物
饱和度,%水合物生成前 9.1 18.2 水合物生成后 7.6 6.4 32.4 
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