Cementing Technology of a Self-Healing Cement Slurry in the Carbonate Formations in the Well Manshen 1
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摘要: 满深1井三开钻遇破碎性碳酸盐岩地层，井壁掉块严重，井径不规则，且目的层油气显示活跃，三开尾管固井时顶替效率低，压稳和防漏矛盾突出。为确保该井三开固井施工安全顺利，并保障固井质量，通过选用自愈合剂BCY-200S和与其配伍性好的水泥添加剂，形成了自愈合水泥浆，并针对下套管和固井时容易发生漏失的问题，在根据前期施工情况准确判断漏层位置的基础上，采用了正注反挤固井工艺。满深1井三开碳酸盐岩地层采用自愈合水泥浆和正注反挤固井工艺后，固井作业安全顺利，既封固了产层，后期作业中也未出现环空气窜现象。研究和实践表明，自愈合水泥石遇油气可自动修复微裂缝，达到封固产层的目的，可解决塔里木油田高压天然气井环空带压及层间窜流的问题。Abstract: During the drilling of the fractured carbonate formation in the third spud of Well Manshen 1, serious problems were encountered such as severe sloughing of the borehole wall, irregular hole diameters, active oil and gas shows of the target layer, low displacement efficiency during tri-liner cementing, and prominent contradiction between pressure stabilization and lost circulation control. In order to ensure the safe and smooth cementing operation of the third spud of the well and guarantee the cementing quality, a self-healing cement slurry was prepared by self-healing agent BCY-200S and cement additives with good compatibility with the agent. In addition, considering that lost circulation occurred easily when running casing and cementing, the “forward injection and reverse squeeze” technique was adopted on the basis of accurately determining the position of the leakage layer according to the previous construction situation. After the application of the self-healing cement slurry and the “forward injection and reverse squeeze” cementing technique to the carbonate formation in the third spud of Well Manshen 1, the cementing operation was safe and smooth. It not only sealed the pay zone but also avoided the annular channeling in the later operation. The research and practice demonstrated that the self-healing cement could automatically repair the microfractures after encountering oil and gas. In this way, they could achieve the goal of sealing the pay zone and solving the problems of annular pressure and interlayer cross-flow in the high-pressure natural gas wells of the Tarim Oilfield.
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图 2 清水和原油通过不同水泥石的流量
Figure 2. Flow rate of clear water and crude oil passing through different cement stones
表 1 加入自愈合剂BCY-200S水泥石的力学性能
Table 1 Mechanical properties of consolidated cement with BCY-200S
BCY-200S加量，% 围压/MPa 抗压强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 0 0 52.16 12.93 0.17 5 0 39.09 7.51 0.19 5 15 51.80 7.73 0.24 10 0 31.49 5.99 0.19 10 15 41.72 6.27 0.24 
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表 2 不同配方自愈合水泥浆的性能
Table 2 Performance of self-healing cement slurries with different formulas
配方 密度/
（kg·L–1）温度/℃ 流动度/cm 密度差/
（kg·L–1）API滤失量/
mL初始稠度/
Bc稠化时间/
min过渡时间/
min防窜系数 弹性模量/
GPa抗压强度/
MPa1 1.86 120 16 0 95 45 2 1.86 120 20 0 65 21 235 13.0 2.56 7.92 22.5 3 1.86 120 22 0 44 16 400 12.0 1.94 7.70 20.5 4 1.86 120 23 0 32 15 410 12.0 1.74 7.65 21.2 5 1.86 120 23 0 32 15 268 11.0 1.98 6 1.86 120 22 0 26 18 125 9.0 1.95 20.8 7 1.88 120 23 0 30 16 392 12.0 1.67 7.79 26.5 8 1.88 120 22 0 24 20 118 8.0 1.64 7.59 22.1 注：配方3，4和7测试抗压强度的条件为96 ℃×48 h；其他配方测试抗压强度的条件为142 ℃×24 h[13]。
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表 3 满深1井三开自愈合水泥浆的性能
Table 3 Performance of self-healing cement slurries in the third spud of the Well Manshen 1
水泥浆 密度/（kg·L–1） 温度/℃ 流动度/cm 密度差/（kg·L–1） API滤失量/mL 初始稠度/Bc 稠化时间/min 过渡时间/min 防窜系数 抗压强度/MPa 领浆 1.88 96 23 0 32 15 426 11.0 1.57 20.1 尾浆 1.88 96 22 0 28 19 182 8.0 1.43 22.3
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