A Dynamic Sanding Prediction Model for Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs with Complicated Production Conditions
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摘要: 静态出砂预测没有考虑地层压力、含水饱和度和地层温度等变化对出砂临界条件的影响,导致开发过程中出砂预测结果与实际偏差较大。为了研究动态因素对出砂条件的影响规律,根据试验结果拟合岩石强度含水饱和度的变化规律,含水饱和度由0.15变为0.50时,储层岩石强度下降幅度可达60%左右;考虑地层压力下降对近井地应力的影响,以及温度变化导致的储层热应力改变,建立了稠油热采储层动态出砂临界条件的预测方法。渤海油田注多元热流体油井数据分析表明,储层出砂临界压差随着地层压力下降和温度升高以类似于指数式规律降低,在早期变化较快,然后下降速度逐步变缓;出砂临界压差随含水饱和度和含水率的升高以接近线性的规律降低。研究表明,注热开采稠油油藏出砂风险最大的时期为注热—焖井—生产的转换阶段,即转生产的初期,此时应逐步缓慢提高产量到正常产量。Abstract: Static sanding prediction models overlook the effect of reservoir pressure, water cut, water saturation and reservoir temperature on critical sanding conditions, so some differences resulted between the predicted sanding result and the practical one in the production process. In this paper, studies were performed on the influential law of dynamic factors on sanding conditions. First, the variation rules of rock strength and water saturation were fitted on the basis of experimental results. They indicated that the rock strength would decrease up to 60% with water saturation increasing from 0.15 to 0.50. Second, a dynamic prediction method was developed for critical sanding conditions in heavy-oil thermal production reservoirs by investigating the effect of reservoir pressure decrease on near wellbore stresses and the variation of reservoir thermal stress variation induced from temperature variation. And finally, an analysis was conducted on the data of injected with multiple thermal fluids of oil wells in Bohai Bay. It indicates that critical sanding pressure drawdown (CSPD) drops with the decrease of reservoir pressure and the increase of reservoir temperature can be represented by by approximate exponential law. It decreases faster in the early stages and gradually slows down. CSPD also decreases with the increase of water cut or water saturation and approximates a linear rule. For heavy oil reservoirs with thermal production, the most potential sanding is in the transitional stage of heat injection, soaking and production, i.e. the initial transitional stage to production. The production rate should be increased gradually to normal levels in this stage.
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