缓慢释放固态酸化剂ZY−Y的制备与现场应用

Preparation and Field Application of Slow-Release Solid Acidifier ZY-Y

  • 摘要: 针对常规酸化酸液反应快、改造半径小、难以有效改造远井地带储层(甚至造成酸液浪费),以及现有固态酸缓速性能差、耐高温不足且存在环保隐患等问题,以碳酰二胺脲、发烟硫酸为主要原料,合成了固态酸颗粒,并采用可降解材料喷淋包衣技术,制备出缓慢释放固态酸化剂ZY−Y。室内性能试验表明, 温度90 ℃时ZY−Y的酸岩持续反应时长350 min,为胶凝酸的7.1倍,溶蚀率超93%,具有良好的抗地层水稀释能力,可实现远井地带储层改造,且不均匀刻蚀表现明显,有利于提高导流能力。西部某油田深度超6 500 m的8口井进行了现场应用,油井平均增产率达51.6%,其中1口井累计增产油量超12 000 t,综合酸化改造成本降低 21.9%。研究与应用表明,缓慢释放固态酸化剂ZY−Y具有良好的缓速性能、溶蚀效率和环保经济性,可实现碳酸岩储层深部酸化改造,适合老井中远地层解堵增产,具备大范围推广价值。

     

    Abstract: Conventional acidizing fluids have a limited effective stimulation radius due to their rapid reaction, resulting in ineffective stimulation of reservoirs far from the wellbore or even acid wastage. In addition, existing solid acids suffer from poor retarding performance, insufficient high-temperature resistance, and potential environmental risks. A slow-release solid acidifier ZY-Y was prepared by synthesizing solid acid particles from carbamide and oleum and then spray coating the particles with degradable materials to address the above issues. Laboratory performance tests revealed that at 90 °C, the acid-rock reaction with ZY-Y lasted for 350 min, 7.1 times as long as that with gelled acid, while the dissolution rate exceeded 93%. These results indicated that ZY-Y had excellent resistance to dilution by formation water, allowing it to effectively stimulate reservoirs in far-wellbore regions. Moreover, it produced pronounced nonuniform etching, thereby enhancing fracture conductivity. Field applications in eight wells deeper than 6 500 m in an oilfield in western China demonstrated an average oil production increase rate of 51.6%. In a typical well, cumulative incremental oil production exceeded 12 000 t, showing a 21.9% overall reduction in acidizing stimulation costs. Laboratory research and field applications verify the outstanding retarding performance, high dissolution efficiency, environmental friendliness, and economic benefits of the slow-release solid acidifier ZY-Y. Capable of effectively stimulating the deep sections of carbonate reservoirs, ZY-Y is suitable for plug removal and production enhancement in formations at intermediate and far distances from mature wells and has great potential for large-scale application.

     

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