考虑界面塑性滑动的页岩水力压裂穿层模拟研究

Numerical Simulation on Layer Penetration of Hydraulic Fracture in Shale Accounting for Irreversible Sliding of Interface

  • 摘要: 为准确评估页岩储层水力压裂中裂缝穿层行为,将界面塑性滑动力学模型扩展至水力耦合分析,以解决传统力学模型忽略层理滑动后计算精度不足的问题。采用局部粘结单元法建立了考虑不可逆滑动的全流固耦合本构关系,并对含多条水平层理的大尺度模型进行数值模拟,系统分析了地质与工程参数对穿层扩展的影响。结果发现:层理内摩擦角是控制水力裂缝穿层的核心因素,其值越大越易穿层,而粘聚力影响较小;在相同地应力差下,地应力绝对值越低越利于穿层;提高排量和压裂液黏度均可促进裂缝穿层。研究还发现,当裂缝遭遇多条层理构成的层理带时,即使能穿过前几条层理,也可能因扩展条件不足而被后续层理捕获并沿其转向。研究结果为水力压裂穿层评估提供了更合理的力学模型与理论参考。

     

    Abstract: To accurately evaluate the fracture-crossing-layer behavior of shale reservoirs during hydraulic fracturing, an interfacial plastic sliding dynamic model is extended to hydro-mechanical coupling analysis to address the deficiency in calculation accuracy of conventional mechanical models that neglect bedding-plane sliding. A full hydro-mechanical coupling constitutive relation accounting for irreversible sliding is established using the local cohesive element method. Numerical simulations are performed on large-scale models with multiple horizontal beddings, and the influences of geological and engineering parameters on fracture-crossing-layer propagation are systematically analyzed. The results show that the internal friction angle of bedding planes serves as the core factor governing hydraulic fracture crossing-layer behavior; a larger internal friction angle facilitates fracture crossing, whereas cohesion exerts a minor effect. Under identical in-situ stress difference, lower absolute in-situ stress favors fracture crossing. Both increasing injection rate and fracturing-fluid viscosity can promote fracture crossing. It is also revealed that when hydraulic fractures encounter a bedding zone composed of multiple bedding planes, fractures may be captured and diverted along subsequent bedding planes due to insufficient propagation conditions, even if they have crossed several preceding bedding planes. The research outcomes provide a more reasonable mechanical model and theoretical reference for the evaluation of fracture-crossing-layer performance in hydraulic fracturing.

     

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